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Parametric Study of Smooth Joint Parameters on the Shear Behaviour of Rock Joints

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Abstract

This paper aims to study the shear behaviour of rock joints in a direct shear test using the particle flow code PFC2D. In this numerical approach, the intact rock is simulated by densely packed circular particles that are bonded together at their contact points; joint surfaces can be explicitly simulated using the modified smooth joint (SJ) model. In the modified SJ model for simulation of direct shear test, micro-scale slip surfaces (smooth joint contacts) are applied at contacts between the particles of the upper and lower blocks of the shear box and the mechanical behaviour of the joints is controlled by the micro-scale properties of the smooth joint contacts. Two joint profiles of standard JRC 10–12 and a sawtooth triangular joint with a base angle of 15° were selected for testing. The results of direct shear tests under different normal stresses on these two profiles show that for the sawtooth triangular joints under a normal stress of 1 MPa, the shearing mechanism is purely sliding, and for the JRC 10–12 profile under a normal stress of 4 MPa, the shearing of first-order asperities controls the shearing mechanism. A parametric study of the micro-properties of the smooth joints under these two different shearing mechanisms was undertaken. The results of this study show that the SJ normal stiffness and the SJ shear stiffness have insubstantial effect on the peak shear strength in sliding mode, but that the SJ normal stiffness has a significant effect on the dilation rate in both sliding and shearing modes.

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Abbreviations

τ :

Shear stress

\(\phi_{\text{r}}\) :

Residual friction angle

JCS:

Joint compressive strength

BPM:

Bonded particle model

σ c :

Uniaxial compressive strength

ν :

Poisson’s ratio

δ peak :

Peak shear displacement

M :

Damage coefficient

R min :

Minimum particle radius

F n :

Normal force

U s :

Shear displacement

E c :

Particle modulus

k n :

Particle normal stiffness

k s :

Particle shear stiffness

μ c :

Particle coefficient of friction

\(\hat{n}_{\text{j}}\) :

Normal unit vector of joint plane

A :

Area of SJ cross section

t :

Thickness of SJ

\(\bar{k}_{\text{nj}}\) :

SJ normal stiffness

\(\mu_{\text{j}}\) :

SJ coefficient of friction

\(\psi_{\text{j}}\) :

SJ dilation angle

\(F_{\text{s}}^{'}\) :

Updated shear force at SJ contact

\(\Delta U_{\text{s}}^{\text{e}}\) :

Elastic portion of tangential displacement

σ n :

Normal stress

JRC:

Joint roughness coefficient

SJ:

Smooth joint

E :

Elastic modulus

SD:

Standard deviation

d n :

Peak dilation angle

R :

Particle radius

R max :

Maximum particle radius

F s :

Shear force

U n :

Normal displacement

\(\bar{E}_{\text{c}}\) :

Parallel bond modulus

\(\bar{k}^{\text{n}}\) :

Parallel bond normal stiffness

\(\bar{k}^{\text{s}}\) :

Parallel bond shear stiffness

Δ:

Increment

\(\hat{t}_{\text{j}}\) :

Tangential unit vector of joint plane

\(\bar{R}\) :

Radius of SJ

\(\bar{\lambda }\) :

Radius multiplier of SJ

\(\bar{k}_{sj}\) :

SJ shear stiffness

\(\phi_{\text{j}}\) :

SJ friction angle

\(F_{\text{s}}^{*}\) :

Greatest value of shear force at SJ contact

\(\Delta U_{\text{n}}^{\text{e}}\) :

Elastic portion of normal displacement

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Glenn Sharrock, Dr. David Potyondy, Dr. Mathew Pierce, Dr. Xavier Garcia and Dr. Diego Mas Ivars from Itasca Consulting Group for their technical support and invaluable comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mining Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia

    M. Bahaaddini, P. C. Hagan, R. Mitra & B. K. Hebblewhite

  2. Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    M. Bahaaddini

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  1. M. Bahaaddini
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Correspondence to M. Bahaaddini.

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Bahaaddini, M., Hagan, P.C., Mitra, R. et al. Parametric Study of Smooth Joint Parameters on the Shear Behaviour of Rock Joints. Rock Mech Rock Eng 48, 923–940 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0641-6

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