Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

An Analysis of Consolidation Grouting Effect of Bedrock Based on its Acoustic Velocity Increase

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Acoustic velocity is an important parameter to evaluate the mechanical properties of fractured rock masses. Based on the in situ acoustic velocity measurement data of ~20 hydropower stations in China, we assessed the acoustic velocity increase of rock masses as a result of consolidation grouting in different geological conditions, such as fault sites, weathered areas and excavation-induced damage zones. We established an empirical relationship between the acoustic velocity of rock masses before and after consolidation grouting, and examined the correlation between acoustic velocity and deformation modulus. A case study is presented about a foundation consolidation grouting project for an intake tower of Pubugou Hydropower Station. The results show that different types of rock masses possess distinct ranges for resultant acoustic velocity increase by consolidation grouting. Under a confidence interval of 95 %, the ranges of the increasing rate of acoustic velocity in a faulted zone, weathered zone, and excavation-induced damage zone are observed to be 12.7–43.1, 12.3–31.2, and 6.9–14.5 %, respectively. The acoustic velocity before grouting and its increasing rate can be used to predict the effectiveness of consolidation grouting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bremen R (1997) The use of additives in cement grouts. Int J Hydropower Dams 4:71–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruce DA (2011) Rock grouting for dams and the need to fight regressive thinking. Geotech News 29(2):23–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Du CQ, Gao YJ, Chen SW (2001) Excavation unloading of rock depended by Wanjiazhai dam and its countermeasures. Shanxi Hydrotech 3:82–84

    Google Scholar 

  • El Tani M (2009) Grout—time to break through the SL dispute. Geotech News 27(3):41–49

    Google Scholar 

  • El Tani M (2012) Grouting rock fractures with cement grout. Rock Mech Rock Eng 45:547–561

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eriksson M, Stille H, Andersson J (2000) Numerical calculations for prediction of grout spread with account for filtration and varying aperture. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 15(4):353–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fransson A, Tsang CF, Rutqvist J, Gustafsona G (2007) A new parameter to assess hydro-mechanical effects in single-hole hydraulic testing and grouting. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44(7):1011–1021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson G, Stille H (1996) Prediction of groutability from grout properties and hydro geological data. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 11(3):325–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson G, Stille H (2005) Stop criteria for cement grouting. Felsbau 25(3):62–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson G, Claesson J, Fransson A (2013) Steering parameters for rock grouting. J Appl Math 2013:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ha QL, Tan RH (1996) Foundation grouting treatment research of Three Gorges Project. New advancement in rock and soil anchoring and grouting. China Architecture and Building Press, Beijing, pp 101–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassler L, Hakansson U, Stille H (1992) Computer-simulated flow of grouts in jointed rock. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 7(4):441–446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houlsby AC (1990) Construction and design of cement grouting. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang HF (2009) Application of high pressure consolidation grouting in the geological defect treatment of dam abutment. Chin J Water Power 35(9):73–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Kokichi K, Igari T, Mito Y, Utsuki S (1997) In situ experimental studies on improvement of rock masses by grouting treatment. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 34(3–4):138.e1–138.e14

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee JS, Bang CS, Mok YJ, Joh SH (2000) Numerical and experimental analysis of penetration grouting in jointed rock masses. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 37(7):1027–1037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li BY (2006) Analysis of chemical grouting tests of fault F26 for left bank of Lijiaxia hydropower station in Yellow River. Northwest Water Power (3):75–77

  • Li WS, Yao CL, Zhou DB (2009a) Experimental study on non-cover-weight grouting at bank slope monolith of Goupitan hydropower station. J Yangtze River Sci Res Inst 26(1):54–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Li XB, Wi L, Zhou HP (2009b) Experimental study on rock grouting for deep crack in left bank of Jinping I hydropower station. Des Hydroelectr Power Stn (1):54–56

  • Li WS, Zhou HM, Chen H (2010) Study of unloading rock mass deformation parameters for high arch dam foundation base of Goupitan hydropower station. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 29(7):1333–1338

    Google Scholar 

  • Lombardi G (2008) Misunderstanding of GIN confirmed. Geotech News 26(2):57–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu WB, Shu DQ (2006a) The elastic modulus and wave test report of cement-chemical compound-grouting at fault F1096 under permanent shiplock of fifth shaft of the Three Gorges Project at the Yangtze River, Report. Wuhan University, Wuhan

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu WB, Shu DQ, Yan P (2006b) Test report of Pubugou intake tower foundation grouting, Report. Wuhan University, Wuhan

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo JY (2009) Engineering geological problems and preventive measures at multipurpose hydropower project in Baise. Chin J Eng Geol 17(4):563–568

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma GY, Chang ZH (2003) Theory and practice of grouting drainage and anchorage of rock mass. China Water Power Press, Beijing, pp 387–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Mavko G, Mukurji T, Dvorkin J (2009) The rock physics handbook: tools for seismic analysis of porous media. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 224–228

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pan ZX, Zhang HJ, Guo MQ, Peng WJ (2003) Cement and chemical compound grouting of fault F1 in Xiaolangdi dam project. Yellow River 25(9):42–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Qi JB, Liu T (2008) Cement-chemical compound grouting engineering record of fault F60 reinforcement treatment in the right-bank dam foundation of Longtan Hydropower Station. In: Proceedings of 12th national symposium on chemical grouting. Chang Jiang Press, Wuhan, pp 286–292

  • Qian N (2008) Study of test technology for consolidation grouting of stress-released rock on both banks of Jinchuan hydropower station. Northwest Water Power (6):55–57

  • Rombough V, Bonin D, Shuttle D (2006) Penetrability control of the GIN mixes during fractured rock grouting, sea to sky geotechnique. In: Proceedings of the 59th Canadian geotechnical conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada, October, 2006, pp 528–535

  • Sadeghiyeh SM, Hashemi M, Ajalloeian R (2013) Comparison of permeability and groutability of Ostur dam site rock mass for grout curtain design. Rock Mech Rock Eng 46(2):341–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sha C, Huang ZX (2003) Inspection of Xiluodu hydropower station dam foundation consolidation grouting test. Des Hydroelectr Power Stn 19(3):65–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Shuttle D, Rombough V, Bonin G (2008) An alternative viewpoint on GIN. Geotech News 26(2):64–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun Z (2004) Grouting in dam’s rock foundation. China Water Power Press, Beijing, pp 102–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun JK, Ran MG (2004) High pressure consolidation grouting for tunnel sections with unfavorable geology condition. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 23(18):3196–3202

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan JY, He BS, Ji YS, Kuang LS (2000) Hydropower engineering of China (construction volume). China Electric Power Press, Beijing, pp 199–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Zhu HP, Huang RQ, Lin F, Chen LY (2009) Analysis of chemical compound grouting tests of Jinping I hydropower station lamprophyre dike. Explor Eng 36(11):60–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Wen HJ, Jiang MQ, Chen Y (2006) Compound-grouting and effect-verification at fault F1096 under permanent ship lock of Three Gorges Project. J Hydroelectr Eng 25(5):102–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu HB, Yan WH (2008) Cement consolidation grouting test at fault F5 of Jinping I Hydropower Station. Yangtze River 39(19):70–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Xia XL, Gong BX, Wu AQ, Zhou HM, Hu YL, Li YL et al (2001) Specifications for rock tests in water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering (SL264-2001). China Water Power Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Xia KF, Zhao CH, Xiao ES, Yang XD, Yang YL, Zheng Z et al (2012) Technical specification for cement grouting construction of hydraulic structures (DL/T 5148-2012). China Water Power Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang MJ, Chen MX, He YN (2001) Current research state of grouting technology and its development direction in future. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 20(6):839–841

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan JG, Tian FW (1998) The study on the groutability of polyamine resin for jointed rock mass. J Hydraul Eng (Suppl 1):563–568

  • Zeng JQ, Lai JH, Quan H (2001) Effect inspection of grouting test for weak batholith in Xiluodu hydroelectric power station. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 20(S1):61–69

  • Zhou PF (1992) High pressure consolidation grouting for dam foundation of Tongjiezi hydropower station. Sichuan Water Power (5):17–22

  • Zhou WY, Yang RQ, Yan GR (1993) Study on-the efficacy of grouting reinforcement of slightly weathered rock masses at the Ertan arch dam abutments. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 12(2):138–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Z, Chen QH, Chen G (2007) High arch dam complex foundations reinforcement dam design at Jinping I hydropower station. In: Large-scale dam construction development and cases in China. China Water Power Press, Beijing, pp 248–255

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project (2011CB013501), National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (51125037), National Natural Science Foundation of China (51279146) and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0425).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China

    Ming Chen, Wen-bo Lu, Wen-ju Zhang, Peng Yan & Chuang-bing Zhou

Authors
  1. Ming Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wen-bo Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wen-ju Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Peng Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chuang-bing Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Wen-bo Lu or Wen-ju Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chen, M., Lu, Wb., Zhang, Wj. et al. An Analysis of Consolidation Grouting Effect of Bedrock Based on its Acoustic Velocity Increase. Rock Mech Rock Eng 48, 1259–1274 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0624-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0624-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation