Abstract
The constituent counting rules, i.e., the scaling behavior of amplitudes (in terms of the number of fundamental constituents) for exclusive processes when high energy scales are present, have been known for decades, and have been borne out in a number of experiments. Such scaling would be sensitive, in particular, to possible exotic multiquark content. Here we examine how one may use the rules to test for pentaquarks in electroproduction, or for tetraquarks in \(e^+ e^-\) annihilation. An interesting new type of scaling (separate Mandelstam s and t behavior) arises in the forward scattering direction. The correct scaling arises naturally in AdS/QCD, in which the amplitudes can be computed explicitly.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.-K. Choi et al., [Belle Collaboration], Observation of a narrow charmonium-like state in exclusive \(B^\pm \rightarrow K^\pm \pi ^+ \pi ^- \! J/\psi \) Decays. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 262001 (2003). arXiv:hep-ex/0309032
R.A. Schumacher, The rise and fall of pentaquarks in experiments. AIP Conf. Proc. 842, 409 (2006). arXiv:nucl-ex/0512042
R. Aaij et al., [LHCb Collaboration], Observation of the resonant character of the \(Z(4430)^-\) State. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 222002 (2014). arXiv:1404.1903 [hep-ex]
V.M. Abazov et al., [D0 Collaboration], Evidence for a \(B_s^0 \pi ^\pm \) State. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 022003 (2016). arXiv:1602.07588 [hep-ex]
R. Aaij et al., [LHCb Collaboration], Observation of \(J \! / \! \psi \, p\) resonances consistent with pentaquark states in \(\Lambda_b^0 \rightarrow J \! / \! \psi \, K^- p\) decays. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 072001 (2015). arXiv:1507.03414 [hep-ex]
R.F. Lebed, R.E. Mitchell, E.S. Swanson, Heavy-quark QCD exotica. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 93, 143 (2017). arXiv:1610.04528 [hep-ph]
R.A. Briceño et al., Issues and opportunities in exotic hadrons. Chin. Phys. C 40, 042001 (2016). arXiv:1511.06779 [hep-ph]
H.-X. Chen, W. Chen, X. Liu, S.-L. Zhu, The hidden-charm pentaquark and tetraquark states. Phys. Rep. 639, 1 (2016). arXiv:1601.02092 [hep-ph]
A. Esposito, A. Pilloni, A.D. Polosa, Multiquark resonances. Phys. Rep. 668, 1 (2016). arXiv:1611.07920 [hep-ph]
F.-K. Guo, C. Hanhart, U.-G. Meißner, Q. Wang, Q. Zhao, B.-S. Zou, Hadronic molecules. Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 015004 (2018). arXiv:1705.00141 [hep-ph]
A. Ali, J.S. Lange, S. Stone, Exotics: heavy pentaquarks and tetraquarks. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 97, 123 (2017). arXiv:1706.00610 [hep-ph]
S.L. Olsen, T. Skwarnicki, D. Zieminska, Non-standard heavy mesons and baryons, an experimental review. Rev. Mod. Phys. 90, 015003 (2018). arXiv:1708.04012 [hep-ph]
M. Karliner, J.L. Rosner, T. Skwarnicki, Multiquark states. arXiv:1711.10626 [hep-ph]
B. Dey et al. [CLAS Collaboration], Data analysis techniques, differential cross sections, and spin density matrix elements for the reaction \(\gamma p \rightarrow \phi p\), Phys. Rev. C 89, 055208 (2014); addendum: [Phys. Rev. C 90, 019901 (2014)] arXiv:1403.2110 [nucl-ex]
B. Dey, Phenomenology of \(\phi \) Photoproduction from recent CLAS data at Jefferson Lab. arXiv:1403.3730 [hep-ex]
R.F. Lebed, Diquark substructure in \(\phi \) photoproduction. Phys. Rev. D 92, 114006 (2015). arXiv:1510.01412 [hep-ph]
S.J. Brodsky, G.R. Farrar, Scaling laws at large transverse momentum. Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 1153 (1973)
V.A. Matveev, R.M. Muradian, A.N. Tavkhelidze, Automodellism in the large-angle elastic scattering and structure of hadrons. Lett. Nuovo Cim. 7, 719 (1973)
S.J. Brodsky, R.F. Lebed, QCD dynamics of tetraquark production. Phys. Rev. D 91, 114025 (2015). arXiv:1505.00803 [hep-ph]
S.J. Brodsky, R.F. Lebed, V.E. Lyubovitskij, QCD Compositeness as revealed in exclusive vector Boson reactions through double-photon annihilation: \(e^+ e^- \rightarrow \gamma \gamma ^\ast \rightarrow \gamma V^0 \) and \(e^+ e^- \rightarrow \gamma ^\ast \gamma ^\ast \rightarrow V^0 V^0\). Phys. Lett. B 764, 174 (2017). arXiv:1609.06635 [hep-ph]
S.J. Brodsky, R.F. Lebed, V.E. Lyubovitskij, QCD constituent counting rules for neutral vector mesons. Phys. Rev. D 97, 034009 (2018). arXiv:1712.08853 [hep-ph]
C. White et al., Comparison of 20 exclusive reactions at large \(t\). Phys. Rev. D 49, 58 (1994)
H. Kawamura, S. Kumano, T. Sekihara, Determination of exotic Hadron structure by constituent-counting rule for hard exclusive processes. Phys. Rev. D 88, 034010 (2013). arXiv:1307.0362 [hep-ph]
F.-K. Guo, U.-G. Meißner, W. Wang, On the constituent counting rule for hard exclusive processes involving multi-quark states. Chin. Phys. C 41, 053108 (2017). arXiv:1607.04020 [hep-ph]
S.J. Brodsky, V.E. Lyubovitskij, Private communication
M.E. Peskin, D.V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (Westview Press, New York, 1995)
M. Davier, M.E. Peskin, A. Snyder, Two-photon exchange model for production of neutral meson pairs in \(e^+ e^-\) annihilation. arXiv:hep-ph/0606155
S.J. Brodsky, G.F. de Teramond, Light-front dynamics and AdS/QCD correspondence: the pion form factor in the space- and time-like regions. Phys. Rev. D 77, 056007 (2008). arXiv:0707.3859 [hep-ph]
T. Branz, T. Gutsche, V.E. Lyubovitskij, I. Schmidt, A. Vega, Light and heavy mesons in a soft-wall holographic approach. Phys. Rev. D 82, 074022 (2010). arXiv:1008.0268 [hep-ph]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1403891.
This article belongs to the Topical Collection “NSTAR 2017—The International Workshop on the Physics of Excited Nucleons”.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lebed, R.F. Constituent Counting Rules and Exotic Hadrons. Few-Body Syst 59, 106 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-018-1427-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00601-018-1427-2