Confirmation of Correct Placement of the Endocardial Lead in Cardiodefibrillator Implantation by Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography

Abstract

Correct positioning of the endocardial lead in the apex of the right ventricle during the insertion of an implantable cardiodefibrillator (ICD) under general anesthesia, when cardiac function is generally poor, is most important. We describe herein a method of using intraoperative esophageal echocardiography in combination with fluoroscopy to confirm fixation of the endocardial ICD lead in the right ventricular apex.