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ATLANTIC-DIP: prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus by International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups criteria

Acta Diabetologica volume 52, pages 153–160 (2015)Cite this article

Abstract

Women with previous gestational diabetes (GDM) are a high-risk group for future development of diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. The new International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria significantly increase the number of women diagnosed with GDM. The long-term metabolic outcome in these women is unknown. We set out to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, using adult treatment panel-III criteria; and insulin resistance, using HOMA2-IR, in white European women with previous GDM. Using a cohort design, we invited women meeting IADPSG GDM criteria across four Irish antenatal centres between 2007 and 2010 to participate. Two hundred and sixty-five women with previous values meeting IADPSG criteria for GDM participated (44 % of the population eligible for participation). Mean age was 36.7 years (SD 5.0). These women were compared with a randomly selected control group of 378 women (mean age 37.6 years, SD 5.1) known to have normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in pregnancy during the same period. A total of 25.3 % of women with previous IADPSG-defined GDM met metabolic syndrome criteria, compared to 6.6 % of women with NGT [at 2.6 (SD 1.0) vs. 3.3 years (SD 0.7) post-partum]. The prevalence of HOMA2-IR >1.8 was higher in women with previous IADPSG-defined GDM (33.6 vs. 9.1 % with NGT, p < 0.001). Women with previous GDM by IADPSG criteria demonstrate a greater than threefold prevalence of metabolic syndrome compared to women with NGT in pregnancy. Efforts to prevent projected long-term consequences of this should focus on interventions both in the preconception and post-partum periods.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for the study was provided by the Health Research Board (HRB) of Ireland. E.N. reports receiving an unrestricted educational grant from Novo Nordisk Ireland Ltd.

Conflict of interest

C.C., L.C., B.K., A.O.D., L.G., B.M.G., P.O.S., and F.D. have nothing to declare. E.N. reports receiving an unrestricted educational grant from Novo Nordisk Ireland Ltd. for this study.

Ethical standard

This study involved human participants and was approved by the ethics committees of the relevant institutions and conducted in accordance with the principles laid out in the 1964 Helsinki declaration.

Human and animal rights

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.

Informed consent

All participants gave informed consent for participation in this study.

ATLANTIC-DIP collaborators

Dr. Geraldine Gaffney, University Hospital Galway, Dr. Maeve Durkan, Portiuncula Hospital, Co. Galway, Dr. Murtada Mohammed, Mayo General Hospital, Dr. Nandini Ravikumar, and Ms. Therese Gallacher, Letterkenny General Hospital.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Galway Diabetes Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Eoin Noctor, Catherine Crowe, Louise A. Carmody, Breda Kirwan & Fidelma P. Dunne

  2. Department of General Practice, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Angela O’Dea & Liam G. Glynn

  3. School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland

    Brian E. McGuire

  4. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Paula M. O’Shea

  5. Clinical Science Institute, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Eoin Noctor

Authors
  1. Eoin Noctor
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  2. Catherine Crowe
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  3. Louise A. Carmody
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  4. Breda Kirwan
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  5. Angela O’Dea
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  6. Liam G. Glynn
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  7. Brian E. McGuire
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  8. Paula M. O’Shea
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  9. Fidelma P. Dunne
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eoin Noctor.

Additional information

For the ATLANTIC-DIP investigators.

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Noctor, E., Crowe, C., Carmody, L.A. et al. ATLANTIC-DIP: prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus by International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Acta Diabetol 52, 153–160 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-014-0621-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-014-0621-z

Keywords

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus
  • Pregnancy
  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Obesity