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Lipid accumulation in overweight type 2 diabetic subjects: relationships with insulin sensitivity and adipokines

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Abstract

Adipokines are known to play a fundamental role in the etiology of obesity, that is, in the impaired balance between increased feeding and decreased energy expenditure. While the adipokine-induced changes of insulin resistance in obese diabetic and nondiabetic subjects are well known, the possible role of fat source in modulating insulin sensitivity (IS) remains controversial. The aim of our study was to explore in overweight type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) with metabolic syndrome IS in different energy storage conditions (basal and dynamic) for relating it to leptin and adiponectin. Sixteen T2DM (5/11 F/M; 59 ± 2 years; 29.5 ± 1.1 kg/m2) and 16 control (CNT 5/11; 54 ± 2; 29.1 ± 1.0) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting IS was measured by QUICKI, while the dynamic one with OGIS. The insulinogenic index (IGI) described beta cell function. Also, the lipid accumulation product parameter (LAP) was assessed. LAP accounts for visceral abdominal fat and triglycerides, and it is known to be related to IS. Possible interrelationships between LAP and adipokines were explored. In T2DM and CNT, adiponectin (7.4 ± 0.5 vs. 7.8 ± 0.9 μg/mL), leptin (13.3 ± 3.0 vs. 12.4 ± 2.6 ng/mL), and QUICKI (0.33 ± 0.01 vs. 0.33 ± 0.01) were not different (P > 0.40), at variance with OGIS (317 ± 11 vs. 406 ± 13 mL/min/m2; P = 0.006) and IGI (0.029 ± 0.005 vs. 0.185 ± 0.029 × 103 pmolI/mmolG; P = 0.00001). LAP was 85 ± 15 cm × mg/dL in T2DM and 74 ± 10 in CNT (P > 0.1), correlated with OGIS in all subjects (R = −0.42, P = 0.02) and QUICKI (R = −0.56, P = 0.025) in T2DM. Leptin correlated with QUICKI (R = −0.45, P = 0.009), and adiponectin correlated with OGIS (R = 0.43, P = 0.015). In overweight T2DM, insulin sensitivity in basal condition appears to be multifaceted with respect to the dynamic one, because it should be more fat-related. Insulin sensitivity appears to be incompletely described by functions of fasting glucose and insulin values alone and the use of other indices, such as LAP could be suggested.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Dr. Gino Alberto Giudici of Sanofi–Aventis S.p.A. Italia, for providing the data of the IDEA study, granting us the permission of reporting some of unpublished results and for useful discussions.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ospedale Ca’ Foncello, Unità Malattie Metaboliche e Nutrizione Clinica, Piazza Ospedale 1, 31100, Treviso, Italy

    Maria Sambataro

  2. Department of Sport, Nutrition and Health, University of Milan and Internal Medicine, San Raphael Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Gianluca Perseghin, Guido Lattuada & Livio Luzi

  3. San Bassiano Hospital, Bassano del Grappa, Italy

    Giampietro Beltramello

  4. Metabolic Unit, Institute of Biomedical Engineering (ISIB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy

    Giovanni Pacini

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  1. Maria Sambataro
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  2. Gianluca Perseghin
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  5. Livio Luzi
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Correspondence to Maria Sambataro.

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Sambataro, M., Perseghin, G., Lattuada, G. et al. Lipid accumulation in overweight type 2 diabetic subjects: relationships with insulin sensitivity and adipokines. Acta Diabetol 50, 301–307 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-011-0366-x

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