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Increasing age and modifiable comorbidities are associated with short-term complications after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures

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Abstract

Background

Ankle fractures are common orthopedic injuries with complication rates fixation of up to 40%. Limited evidence exists in the literature regarding complications in the elderly population, and moreover, these studies frequently define elderly arbitrarily at 60–65 years old. The purpose of the present study was to utilize a large, validated database to evaluate whether there is an inflection point of age when postoperative complications after an ankle fracture significantly increase.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent fixation of an ankle fracture between 2012 and 2018 was performed. Patients were identified within the database using the Current Procedural Terminology codes. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed with p value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results

A total of 27,633 fractures were including and comprised of 221 posterior malleolar, 1567 medial malleolar, 8495 lateral malleolar, 10,175 bimalleolar, and 7175 trimalleolar. A total of 1545 complications were encountered (5.6%). There was a statistically significant association between increasing age and complications (OR = 1.03; p < 0.001). Further analysis shows the largest spike in complications within the age 78 + bracket. There were no overall interaction effects between age and fracture subtype (p = 0.223).

Conclusion

ORIF of ankle fractures is a common orthopedic procedure performed on patients of all ages, with complications ranging in severity. In order to best counsel patients on their individual postoperative risks, large datasets are often necessary to prognosticate. This study found that postoperative complications increase with advanced age. The incidence of complications did not spike for patients around the age of 65, but rather followed an incremental linear pattern with the largest increase in odds ratio occurring at age 78 and above. Complication rate was not associated with specific fracture type based off of ICD codes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 4709 Creekstone Drive, Durham, NC, 27703, USA

    Richard M. Danilkowicz, Jeffrey A. O’Donnell, Nicholas B. Allen & Samuel B. Adams

  2. Idaho Sports Medicine Institute, Boise, ID, USA

    Nathan L. Grimm

  3. Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, University of Utah College of Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Jaewhan Kim

Authors
  1. Richard M. Danilkowicz
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  2. Nathan L. Grimm
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  3. Jaewhan Kim
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  4. Jeffrey A. O’Donnell
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  5. Nicholas B. Allen
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  6. Samuel B. Adams
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Correspondence to Samuel B. Adams.

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Danilkowicz, R.M., Grimm, N.L., Kim, J. et al. Increasing age and modifiable comorbidities are associated with short-term complications after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 32, 113–119 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-021-02927-z

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