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11 kGy gamma irradiated demineralized bone matrix enhances osteoclast activity

European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) allografts are widely used in orthopaedic clinics. However, the biological impact on its osteoinductivity after its sterilization process by gamma irradiation is not well studied. Furthermore, little is known about the relationship between residual calcium levels on osteoinductivity.

Hypothesis

We hypothesize that low-dose gamma irradiation retains the osteoinducitivity properties of DBM and causes ectopic bone formation.

Materials and methods

A randomised animal trial was performed to compare tissue and molecular responses of low-dose (11 kGy) gamma irradiated and non-irradiated human DBM at 6 weeks post-intramuscular implantation using an athymic rat model. In addition, we correlated residual calcium levels and bone formation in gamma irradiated DBM.

Results

A modified haematoxylin and eosin stain identified ectopic bony capsules at all implanted sites with no significant difference on the amount of new bone formed between the groups. Statistically significantly lower ratio of alkaline phosphatase expression over tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and/or cathepsin K expressions was found between the groups.

Discussion

This study found that low-dose gamma irradiated DBM, which provides a sterility assurance level of 10−6 for bone allografts, retained osteoinductivity but exhibited significantly enhanced osteoclastic activity. Furthermore, this is the first study to find a positive correlation between residual calcium levels and bone formation in gamma irradiated DBM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia

    May Y. W. Wong, Yan Yu & William R. Walsh

  2. Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

    Jia-Lin Yang

  3. Queensland Bone Bank, Brisbane, Australia

    Tracey Woolford & David A. F. Morgan

Authors
  1. May Y. W. Wong
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  2. Yan Yu
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  3. Jia-Lin Yang
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  4. Tracey Woolford
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  5. David A. F. Morgan
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  6. William R. Walsh
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Correspondence to May Y. W. Wong.

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Wong, M.Y.W., Yu, Y., Yang, JL. et al. 11 kGy gamma irradiated demineralized bone matrix enhances osteoclast activity. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 24, 655–661 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-013-1238-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-013-1238-6

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