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A pig model of symptomatic spinal epidural hematoma

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to establish an animal model capable of simulating the development and decompression process of symptomatic spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH).

Methods

A total of 16 male Bama miniature pigs were included in this study and randomly allocated into four groups: Group A (4 h 20 mmHg hematoma compression), Group B (4 h 24 mmHg hematoma compression), Group C (4 h 28 mmHg hematoma compression), and Group Sham (control). Real-time intra-wound hematoma compression values were obtained using the principle of connectors. Electrophysiological analyses, including the latency and amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and motor evoked potentials (MEP), along with behavioral observations (Tarlov score), were performed to assess this model.

Results

ANOVA tests demonstrated significant differences in the latency and relative amplitude of SSEP and MEP between Groups C and Sham after 4 h of hematoma compression and one month after surgery (P < 0.01). Behavioral assessments 8 h after surgery indicated that animals subjected to 28 mmHg hematoma compression suffered the most severe spinal cord injury. Pearson correlation coefficient test suggested a negative correlation between the epidural pressure and Tarlov score (r = −0.700, p < 0.001). With the progression of compression and the escalation of epidural pressure, the latency of SSEP and MEP gradually increased, while the relative amplitude gradually decreased.

Conclusions

When the epidural pressure reaches approximately 24 mmHg, the spinal cord function occurs progressive dysfunction. Monitoring epidural pressure would be an effective approach to assist to identify the occurrence of postoperative SSEH.

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Acknowledgements

Not applicable.

Funding

The publication of this article was supported by Innovation & Transfer Fund of Peking University Third Hospital, granted BYSYZHZB2021102.

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Author notes

  1. Jiasheng Chen and Haozheng Li have contributed to the work equally and regarded as co-frst authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China

    Jiasheng Chen, Haozheng Li, Shengxin Zeng, Hua Zhou, Xiao Liu, Panpan Hu, Xiaoguang Liu, Zhongjun Liu, Feng Wei & Zihe Li

  2. Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China

    Jiasheng Chen, Haozheng Li, Shengxin Zeng, Hua Zhou, Xiao Liu, Panpan Hu, Xiaoguang Liu, Zhongjun Liu, Feng Wei & Zihe Li

  3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing, China

    Jiasheng Chen, Haozheng Li, Shengxin Zeng, Hua Zhou, Xiao Liu, Panpan Hu, Xiaoguang Liu, Zhongjun Liu, Feng Wei & Zihe Li

Authors
  1. Jiasheng Chen
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the article conception and design. PH, HZ and ZL decided to content. XL, SZ, and HL were the guarantors of the overall content. ZL and JC wrote the first draft of the manuscript. FW and XL revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final submitted manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zihe Li.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital (NO. A2021420).

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Chen, J., Li, H., Zeng, S. et al. A pig model of symptomatic spinal epidural hematoma. Eur Spine J (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-024-08188-8

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