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Incidence of cardiac anomalies in congenital vertebral deformity: systematic review and meta-analysis of 2910 patients

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to analyze the overall incidence of cardiac abnormalities in patients with congenital scoliosis and the possible influencing factors.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. The quality of the studies was assessed independently by two authors using the methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS) criteria. The following data were extracted from the included studies: bibliometric data, number of patients, number of patients with cardiac anomalies, gender, types of deformity, diagnostic method, type of cardiac anomaly, location, and other associated anomalies. The Review Manager 5.4 software was used to group and analyze all the extracted data.

Results

This meta-analysis included nine studies and identified that 487 of 2,910 patients with congenital vertebral deformity had cardiac anomalies diagnosed by ultrasound (21.05%, 95% CI of 16.85–25.25%). The mitral valve prolapse was the most frequent cardiac anomaly (48.45%) followed by an unspecified valvular anomaly (39.81) and an atrial septal defect (29.98). A diagnosis of cardiac anomalies was highest in Europe (28.93%), followed by USA (27.21%) and China (15.33%). Females and formation defects were factors significantly associated with increased incidence of cardiac anomalies: 57.37%, 95% CI of 50.48–64.27% and 40.76%, 95% CI of 28.63–52.89%, respectively. Finally, 27.11% presented associated intramedullary anomalies.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis revealed that the overall incidence of cardiac abnormalities detected in patients with congenital vertebral deformity was 22.56%. The incidence rate of cardiac anomalies was higher in females and those with formation defects. The study offers guidance for ultrasound practitioners to accurately identify and diagnose the most common cardiac anomalies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Spine Unit, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia, Spain

    Jose Luis Bas, Silvia Pérez, Pedro Rubio, Gonzalo Mariscal, Fernando Bonilla, Miquel Bovea, Paloma Bas & Teresa Bas

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  1. Jose Luis Bas
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  2. Silvia Pérez
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  3. Pedro Rubio
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  4. Gonzalo Mariscal
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Correspondence to Gonzalo Mariscal.

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Bas, J.L., Pérez, S., Rubio, P. et al. Incidence of cardiac anomalies in congenital vertebral deformity: systematic review and meta-analysis of 2910 patients. Eur Spine J 32, 2967–2974 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-023-07817-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-023-07817-y

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