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Alterations of 3D acetabular and lower limb parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

European Spine Journal volume 29, pages 2010–2017 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the 3D deformity of the acetabula and lower limbs in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and their relationship with spino-pelvic alignment.

Methods

Two hundred and seventy-four subjects with AIS (frontal Cobb: 33.5° ± 18° [10°–110°]) and 84 controls were enrolled. All subjects underwent full-body biplanar X-rays with subsequent 3D reconstructions. Classic spino-pelvic and lower limb parameters were collected as well as acetabular parameters: acetabular orientation in the 3 planes (tilt, anteversion and abduction), center–edge angle (CEA) and anterior and posterior sector angles. Subjects with AIS were represented by both lower limb sides and classified by elevated (ES) or lowered (LS), depending on the frontal pelvic obliquity. Parameters were then compared between groups. Determinants of acetabular and lower limb alterations were investigated among spino-pelvic parameters.

Results

Acetabular abduction was higher on the ES in AIS (59.2° ± 6°) when compared to both LS (55.6° ± 6°) and controls (57.5° ± 3.9°, p < 0.001). CEA and acetabular anteversion were higher on the LS in AIS (32° ± 6.1°, 20.5° ± 5.7°) when compared to both ES (28.7° ± 5.1°, 19.8° ± 5.1°) and controls (29.8° ± 4.8°, 19.1° ± 4°, respectively, p < 0.001). Anterior sector angle was lower on both ES and LS in AIS when compared to controls. CEA, acetabular abduction and acetabular anteversion were found to be mostly determined (adjusted R2: 0.08–0.32) by pelvic tilt and less by frontal pelvic obliquity, frontal Cobb and T1T12.

Conclusions

Subjects with AIS had a more abducted acetabulum at the lowered side, more anteverted acetabulum and a lack of anterior coverage of both acetabula. These alterations were strongly related to pelvic tilt.

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Acknowledgments

This research was funded by the University of Saint-Joseph (grant FM300). The funding source did not intervene in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication.

Funding

This study was funded by the University of Saint-Joseph (Grant No. FM300).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biomechanics and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saint-Joseph in Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Mohammad Karam, Aren Joe Bizdikian, Nour Khalil, Ziad Bakouny, Joe Ghanimeh, Chris Labaki, Georges Mjaess, Aya Karam, Khalil Kharrat, Ismat Ghanem & Ayman Assi

  2. Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France

    Ibrahim Obeid

  3. Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Arts et Métiers ParisTech, Paris, France

    Wafa Skalli & Ayman Assi

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  1. Mohammad Karam
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Correspondence to Ayman Assi.

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Karam, M., Bizdikian, A.J., Khalil, N. et al. Alterations of 3D acetabular and lower limb parameters in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Eur Spine J 29, 2010–2017 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-020-06397-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-020-06397-5

Keywords

  • Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
  • Acetabulum
  • Lower limbs
  • 3D reconstructions
  • Spine