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Distal junctional kyphosis in patients with Scheuermann’s disease: a retrospective radiographic analysis

European Spine Journal volume 26, pages 913–920 (2017)Cite this article

An Erratum to this article was published on 13 February 2017

Abstract

Purpose

To investigate the relationship between preoperative and postoperative spinopelvic alignment and occurrence of DJK/DJF.

Study design/setting

This was a retrospective observational cohort study.

Patient sample

The sample included 40 patients who underwent posterior correction of SK from January 2006 to December 2014.

Outcome measures

Correlation analysis between the preoperative and postoperative spinopelvic alignment parameters and development of DJK over the course of the study period were studied.

Methods

Whole spine X-rays obtained before surgery, 3 months after surgery and at the latest follow-up were analyzed. The following parameters were measured: maximum of thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) and LIV plumb line. Development of DJK was considered as the primary end point of the study. The patient population was split into a control and DJK group, with 34 patients and 6 patients, respectively. Statistic analysis was performed using unpaired t test for normal contribution and Mann–Whitney test for skew distributed values. The significance level was set to 0.05.

Results

DJK occurred in 15% (n = 6) over the study period. There was a significantly lower postoperative TK for the group with DJK (42.4 ± 5.3 vs 49.8 ± 6.7, p = 0.015). LIV plumb line showed higher negative values in the DJK group (−43.6 ± 25.1 vs −2.2 ± 17.8, p = 0.0435). Furthermore, postoperative LL changes were lower for the DJK group (33.84 ± 13.86% vs 31.77 ± 14.05, p < 0.0001.) The age of the patients who developed DJK was also significantly lower than that of the control group (16.8 ± 1.7 vs 19.6 ± 4.9, p = 0.0024.)

Conclusions

SK patients who developed DJK appeared to have a significantly higher degree of TK correction and more negative LIV plumb line. In addition, there may be a higher risk for DJK in patients undergoing corrective surgery at a younger age.

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Author notes

    Affiliations

    1. Center for Spinal Studies, Queens Medical Center, Nottingham University, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK

      Amir Ghasemi, Luigi A. Nasto, Malik Ahmed & Hossein Mehdian

    2. Trauma Center, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany

      Timo Stubig

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    1. Amir Ghasemi
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    2. Timo Stubig
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    3. Luigi A. Nasto
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    4. Malik Ahmed
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    5. Hossein Mehdian
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    Correspondence to Amir Ghasemi.

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    All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

    Additional information

    A. Ghasemi and T. Stubig contributed equally to this work.

    An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-4994-x.

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    Ghasemi, A., Stubig, T., A. Nasto, L. et al. Distal junctional kyphosis in patients with Scheuermann’s disease: a retrospective radiographic analysis. Eur Spine J 26, 913–920 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4924-3

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    Keywords

    • Scheuermann’s kyphosis
    • Distal junctional kyphosis (DJK)
    • Sagittal balance
    • Spinopelvic parameters
    • Junctional failure