Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Clinical, haematological, and biochemical changes in buffaloes with natural Anaplasma infection

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Comparative Clinical Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Reports and documentation were very limited on buffaloes with natural Anaplasma infection in India. The present research was undertaken to record the prevalence, clinical signs, haematological, and serum biochemical alterations in buffaloes with anaplasmosis at College of Veterinary Sceince, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh from January 2022 to December 2022. Buffaloes with signs of fever, emaciated body condition, lymphadenopathy, and congested mucus membranes were selected for the study. Peripheral blood smears, whole blood, and serum were collected for laboratory analysis. Confirmation of the anaplasmosis was done by microscopic examination of stained blood smears. Anaplasmosis was identified as the presence of round, dense dot-like organisms i.e., marginal bodies of Anaplasma marginale, and the prevalence of the anaplasmosis was 9.58%. The predominant clinical signs were the absence of rumination, complete anorexia, loss of milk yield, fever, depression, emaciation, scleral congestion, icteric mucous membranes, tachypnea, sunken eyeballs, lymphadenopathy, dyspnoea, nasal discharges, ocular discharges, haemoglobinuria, and pale mucous membranes. Specific haematological findings were decreased haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, and neutrophils: increased eosinophils and monocytes. Serum biochemical findings revealed decreased albumin, glucose, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium and chloride; increased globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and creatine kinase myocardial band isoenzymes than compared with the apparently healthy buffaloes. Present research study documented the predominant signs, blood changes, and biochemical alterations during the natural Anaplasma infection. These findings are helpful to the other researchers to follow the therapeutic interventions by variations in the complete blood count and biochemical parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data will be provided by corresponding author on reasonable request.

References

  • Abba Y, Jesse FFA, Sadiq MA, Ibrahim HH, Chung ELT, Bitrus AA, Lila MAM, Hambali IU (2016) Clinical management and gross pathological findings of a severe anaplasmosis in a dairy cow. J Adv Vet Anim Res 3(2):195–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel HO, Radwan M, Ali A (2014) Biochemical changes associated with Anaplasma infection in cattle. Glob J Biotechnol Biochem 9:19–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashuma A, Sharma A, Singla LD, Kaur P, Bal MS, Batth BK, Juyal PD (2013) Prevalence and haemato-biochemical profile of Anaplasma marginale infection in dairy animals of Punjab (India). Asian Pac J Trop Med 6(2):139–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aubry P, Geale DW (2011) A review of bovine anaplasmosis. Transbound Emerg Dis 58(1):1–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bal MS, Mahajan V, Filla G, Singh CK, Kaur P, Sharma S (2017) Outbreaks of Anaplasma in dairy cattle in Punjab. India J Anim Res 7(5):885–889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bitrus AA, Abba Y, Jesse AFF, Peter ID (2018) Seroprevalence of Anaplasma in dairy cattle from Peninsular Malaysia. Adv Anim Vet Sci 6(2):70–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das D, Sarma K, Eregowda CG, Roychoudhury P, Rajesh JB, Behera P, Prasad H, Lalrinkima H, Aktar F, Bora N, Deka C, Thakur N, Tolenkhomba TC (2022) Naturally occurring Anaplasma marginale infection in cattle: molecular prevalence and associated risk factors, haemato-biochemical alterations, oxidant/antioxidant status and serum trace mineral levels. Microb Pathog 167:105575

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De la Fuente J, Kocan KM, Garcia-Garcia JC, Blouin EF, Claypool PL, Saliki JT (2002) Vaccination of cattle with Anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture and bovine erythrocytes followed by challenge exposure with infected ticks. Vet Microbiol 89:239–251

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De UK, Dey S, Banerjee PS, Sahoo M (2012) Correlations among Anaplasma marginale parasitemia and markers of oxidative stress in crossbred calves. Trop Anim Health Prod 44(3):385–388

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deepak D, Preena P, Yadav S, Monika MR, Dixit SK (2017) Anaplasma bovis (Ehrlichia bovis) infection in a buffalo — a case report. Int J Livest Res 7(1):130–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Ashker M, Hotzel H, Gwida M, El-Beskawy M, Silaghi C, Tomaso H (2015a) Molecular biological identification of Babesia, Theileria and Anaplasma species in cattle in Egypt using PCR assays, gene sequence analysis and a novel DNA microarray. Vet Parasitol 207:329–334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El-Ashker M, Salama M, El-Sebaei M, Risha E, Abdelhamid F, El-Diasty M, El-Fadle E (2015b) Significance of clinical variables and selected biochemical markers in predicting the outcome of bovine anaplasmosis. Vet Med 60(6):301–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganguly A, Maharana BR, Ganguly I, Kumar A, Potliya S, Arora D, Bisla RS (2018) Molecular diagnosis and haemato-biochemical changes in Anaplasma marginale infected dairy cattle. Indian J Anim Sci 88(9):989–993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jonsson NN, Bock RE, Jorgensen WK (2008) Productivity and health effects of Anaplasma and Babesiosis on Bos Indicus cattle and their crosses, and the effects of differing intensity of tick control in Australia. Vet Parasitol 155(1):1–9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan IA, Khan A, Hussain A, Riaz A, Aziz A (2011) Hematobiochemical alterations in cross-bred cattle affected with bovine theileriosis in semiarid zone. Pak Vet J 31(2):137–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Kocan KM, De la Fuente J, la, Blouin EF, Coetzee JF, Ewing SA, (2010) The natural history of Anaplasma marginale. Vet Parasitol 167(2–4):95–107

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kolte SW, Maske SK, Gaholod BM, Kurkure NV (2003) Ehrlichiosis in cattle and buffaloes from Vidarbha. India Indian Veterinary Journal 80(5):399–400

    Google Scholar 

  • Lima DHS, Vinhote WMS, Ubiali DG, Soares PC, Cordeiro MD, Silva JB, Fonseca AH, Barbosa JD (2019) Experimental infection by Anaplasma marginale in buffaloes and cattle: clinical, hematological, molecular and pathological aspects. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 39(9):700–709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel MD, Kumar N, Rathod PH, Tyagi KK, Sorathiya LM (2017) Incidence and haematological changes in haemoprotozoan infections in bovines of South Gujarat. Ind J Vet Sci Biotechnol 3(2):62–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Rymaszewska A, Grenda S (2008) Bacteria of the genus Anaplasma–characteristics of Anaplasma and their vectors: a review. Veterinaria Medica 53(11):573–584

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sajid MS, Siddique RM, Khan SA, Iqbal Z, Khan MN (2014) Prevalence and risk factors of anaplasmosis in cattle and buffalo populations of district Khanewal. Punjab, Pakistan Glob Vet 12(1):146–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva J, Vinhote WM, Oliveira CM, Andre MR, Machado RZ, Fonseca AH, Barbosa JD (2014) Molecular and serological prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in water buffaloes in the northern Brazil. Tick Tick Borne Dis 5(2):100–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivajothi S, Reddy BS (2022) Studies on alterations of clinical and hemato-biochemical parameters in cattle with anaplasmosis and its management. Chem Sci Rev Lett 11(44):392–395

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spare MR, Hanzlicek GA, Wootten KL, Thomson AGA, DU, Sanderson MW, Ganta RR, Reif KE, Raghavan RK, (2020) Bovine anaplasmosis herd prevalence and management practices as risk-factors associated with herd disease status. Vet Parasitol 3:100021

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian B, Vijayalakshmi P, Perumal SV, Selvi D (2019) Clinical and haemato-biochemical changes in cattle with Anaplasma marginale infection. Int J Chem Stud 7(5):4373–4376

    Google Scholar 

  • Vatsya S, Kumar RR, Singh VS, Arunraj MR (2013) Anaplasma marginale infection in a buffalo: a case report. Vet Res Int 1:51–53

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the authorities of Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, for providing the facilities to carry out the work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, 516360, India

    Kambala Swetha, Bhavanam Sudhakara Reddy & Bollam Shobhamani

  2. Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, 516360, India

    Sirigireddy Sivajothi

Authors
  1. Kambala Swetha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bhavanam Sudhakara Reddy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bollam Shobhamani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sirigireddy Sivajothi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sirigireddy Sivajothi.

Ethics declarations

Funding

The authors received MVSc student fellowship from the Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University (SVVU).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. In the present study, all applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. It is the part of Post Graduate Research work.

Informed consent

All the authors read the manuscript and approved for submission.

Consent for publication

I am here with my consent for the publication of identifiable details, which can include photograph, case history, and/or details within the text to be published in the above journal and article. The present study was carried out on the clinical case of a buffaloes, and no human patient involved in the case.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Swetha, K., Reddy, B.S., Shobhamani, B. et al. Clinical, haematological, and biochemical changes in buffaloes with natural Anaplasma infection. Comp Clin Pathol 32, 1045–1050 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-023-03515-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-023-03515-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation