Abstract
The abundance of medicinal plants does not guaranteed that they are safe, as there is dearth of data on their toxicity and safety. The present study evaluated the oral acute toxicity of methanolic leaf extract of Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel (GS), a plant used traditionally for the treatment of epilepsy. In phase one, 12 rats were divided in to 4 groups (n = 3) and orally administered with water, 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg of GS respectively. In phase two, four rats were divided into four groups (n = 1) and orally administered with water, 1600 mg/kg, 2900 mg/kg, and 5000 mg/kg of GS extract respectively. Rats were monitored for 24 h and subsequently for 14 days for any signs of toxicity or mortality. Liver and kidney function parameters as well as their histology were evaluated. No mortality was recorded even at the highest dose of GS extract, 5000 mg/kg. A significant increase (p < 0.05) was observed in serum level of aminotransferase (AST) and decrease (p < 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rats that received 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg of GS extract when compared to the control. Further, significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum levels of creatinine and urea was also observed in the same set of rats when compared to the control rats. Histology results showed no damages to both the kidneys and livers. Conclusively, the LD50 of GS extract administered through oral route is above 5000 mg/kg per body weight.
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Conception and design: all authors. Methodology: NID, SMC, AMA, and HAA; Resources: AMA, HAA, SHG, NID, and SMC; data collection and processing: AMA and HAA; analysis and interpretation: SMC, AMA, HAA, and NID; writing—original draft: AMA and HAA; Critical review and editing: SHG, SMC, and NID; supervision: SHG and SMC.
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The research protocol was approved by the Postgraduate Board of Studies, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri with reference number: UM/HA/PGR18.19–08801. And it was conducted in accordance to the ARRIVE guidelines for in vivo experiment.
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Ahmed, A.M., Audu, H.A., Garba, S.H. et al. Acute toxicity study of Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel methanolic leaf extract in Wistar albino rats through oral administration. Comp Clin Pathol 31, 839–845 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-022-03387-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-022-03387-5