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Hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia relationship with alterations of glucose, cholesterol and total protein levels during human infection with Plasmodium falciparum

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Abstract

Electrolytes, particularly sodium and potassium, are highly paramount for the uptake of nutrients that are required for the proliferation, differentiation and survival of Plasmodium falciparum in the host. Sequel to this essential role, information on the interplay between electrolytes and nutrients would add to the current understanding of the malarial infection pathophysiology. To this end, we carried out a hospital-based cross-sectional study and estimated the serum levels of sodium, potassium, glucose, cholesterol and total protein in both P. falciparum-infected patients and apparently healthy patients. Our results showed that the levels of sodium, potassium, glucose, cholesterol and total protein were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared to their respective control groups. In addition, glucose, cholesterol and total protein had a non-significant (p > 0.05) association with the sodium and potassium, respectively, in P. falciparum-infected patients. Evidence from the present study demonstrated that P. falciparum-induced depletion in sodium and potassium seems not to play a significant role in the alterations of glucose, cholesterol and total protein during P. falciparum infection.

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Acknowledgements

The support of Mr. Mohammed Ibrahim of Haematology unit, Ahmadu Bello University Medical Centre, in providing necessary assistance during sample collection was highly appreciated by the authors. Furthermore, the authors wish to express their profound gratitude to the management of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, for providing the facilities used for this study.

Funding

Financial support, from any grant funding body, was not received for this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

    Mukhtar Adeiza Suleiman, Tahiru Umaru, Karimatu Dauda, Shedrack Renan John & Mohammed Aliyu Usman

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  1. Mukhtar Adeiza Suleiman
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  2. Tahiru Umaru
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  3. Karimatu Dauda
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  4. Shedrack Renan John
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  5. Mohammed Aliyu Usman
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Contributions

Mukhtar Adeiza Suleiman provided conceptualisation and design. Tahiru Umaru, Karimatu Dauda, Shedrack Renan John did data acquisition. Mukhtar Adeiza Suleiman, Tahiru Umaru, Karimatu Dauda, Shedrack Renan John, Mohammed Aliyu Usman analysed and interpreted the data. Mohammed Aliyu Usman drafted the manuscript. Mukhtar Adeiza Suleiman, Tahiru Umaru, Karimatu Dauda, Shedrack Renan John, Mohammed Aliyu Usman contributed to revision, vetting and approval of the final manuscript for submission.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mukhtar Adeiza Suleiman.

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Ethical approval

All procedures carried out in this research study were in line with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee on human experimentation and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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Informed consent was obtained from each individual participant in the study.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Suleiman, M.A., Umaru, T., Dauda, K. et al. Hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia relationship with alterations of glucose, cholesterol and total protein levels during human infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Comp Clin Pathol 31, 557–563 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-022-03354-0

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