Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative haematology of quantitative PCR negative trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle in Nigeria

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Comparative Clinical Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Haematologic studies are helpful in the selection of genetically resistant animals. African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is an important protozoan parasitic disease associated with haematopathologies. There is dearth of information on the haematologic differences between trypanosusceptible (TS) and trypanotolerant (TT) cattle in the absence of AAT. Fifty apparently healthy adult cattle comprising 13 Muturu, 11 N’Dama (TT), and 26 White Fulani (TS) were sampled. Whole blood was collected for complete blood count (CBC), blood cell morphology, microscopic screening, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for trypanosome. Red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) with unusual morphologies were quantified as number per 100 RBCs and WBCs, respectively. Trypanotolerant (TT) cattle had significantly higher packed cell volume (PCV) (34.48 ± 1.3 vs 31.08 ± 1.1%), haemoglobin concentration (HB) (12.901 ± 0.4 vs 10.2 ± 0.4 g/dL), and RBC count (6.2 ± 0.3 vs 4.8 ± 0.2 × 106/µL), than TS cattle. Lymphocyte counts were significantly higher in TT (3.6 ± 0.2 × 103/µL) than in the TS cattle (2.9 ± 0.2 × 103/µL); however, TS had higher neutrophil counts than TT cattle. Abnormal RBCs, namely acuminocytes (16.61 ± 3.5 vs 0.74 ± 0.3), cigantocytes (6.65 ± 0.7 vs 0.96 ± 0.3), degmacytes (1.78 ± 0.5 vs 0.48 ± 0.2), activated monocytes (5.44 ± 0.9 vs 1.91 ± 0.6), reactive lymphocytes (4.22 ± 0.9 vs 1 ± 0.5), and bi-nucleated lymphocytes (1.52 ± 0.4 vs 0.09 ± 0.1) were significantly higher in TT cattle. These findings may be indicative of increased haematopoiesis and a more active immunity in uninfected TT breeds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Achukwi MD, Musongong GA (2009) Trypanosomosis in the Doayo/Namchi (bos Taurus) and zebu white fulani (bos indicus) cattle in Faro division, North Cameroon. J Appl Biosci 15:807–814

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtin D, Berthier D, Thevenon S, Dayo GK, Garcia A, Bucheton B (2008) Host genetics in African trypanosomiasis. Infect Genet Evol 8(3):229–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deborggraeve S, Büscher P (2012) Recent progress in molecular diagnosis of sleeping sickness. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 12:719–730

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Freitas VL, da Silva SC, Sartori AM, Bezerra RC, Westphalen EV, Molina TD, Teixeira AR, Ibrahim KY, Shikanai-Yasuda MA (2011) Real time PCR in HIV/Trypanosoma cruzi coinfection with and without Chagas disease reactivation:association with HIV viral load and CD4 level. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5:e1277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhanasekaran S, Doherty TM, Kenneth J, Group TTS (2010) Comparison of different standards for real-time PCR-based absolute quantification. J Immunol Methods 354(1–2):34–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2010.01.004.PMID20109462

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duffy T, Bisio M, Altcheh J, Burgos JM, Diez M, Levin MJ, Favaloro RR, Freilij H, Schijman AG (2009) Accurate real time PCR strategy for monitoring bloodstream parasitic loads in chagas disease patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dwinger RH, Clifford DJ, Agyemang K, Gettinby G, Grieve AS, Kora S, Bojang MA (1992) Comparative studies on N’Dama and Zebu cattle following repeated infections with Trypanosoma congolense. Res Vet Sci 52(3):292–298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis JA, Scott JR, Machugh ND, Gettinby G, Davis WC (1987) Peripheral blood leucocytes subpopulation dynamics during Trypanosoma congolense infection in Boran and N’Dama cattle: an analysis using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Parasite Immunol 9(3):363–378

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esievo KAN, Jaye A, Andrews JJN, Ukoha AI, Alafiatayo RA, Eduvie LO, Saror DI, Njoku CO (1990) Electrophoresis of bovine erythrocyte sialic acids: existence of additional band in trypanotolerant N’Dama cattle. J Comp Pathol 102(4):357–361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Esievo KAN, Saror DI, Kolo MN, Eduvie LO (1986) Erythrocyte surface sialic acid in N’Dama and Zebu cattle. J Comp Pathol 96(1):95–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Food and Agriculture Organization (2008) Trypanotolerant livestock in the context of trypanosomiasis intervention strategies. Retrieved 2019–10–1

  • Ganyo EY, Boampong JN, Masiga DK, Villinger J, Turkson PK (2018) Haematology of N’Dama and West African Shorthorn cattle herds under natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge in Ghana. F1000Res 7:314. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14032.2. PMID: 30228875; PMCID: PMC6117849

  • Herbert WJ, Lumsden WHR (1976) Trypanosoma brucei: A rapid matching method for estimating the host’s parasitaemia. Exp Parasitol 40:427–431

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández C, Teherán A, Flórez C, Ramírez JD (2018) Comparison of parasite loads in serum and blood samples from patients in acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease. Parasitology 17:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain NC (1986) Schalm’s veterinary hematology, 4th edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, p 1221

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain NC, Kono CS (1977) Fusiform erythrocytes in angora goats resembling sickle cells: influence of temperature, pH, and oxygenation on cell shape. Am J Vet Res 38:983–990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn MC, Line S (2010) The Merck veterinary manual, 10th edn. Merck and co. Inc, White House station

    Google Scholar 

  • Kissling K, Karbe E, Freitas EK (1982) In vitro phagocytic activity of neutrophils of various cattle breeds with and without Trypanosoma congolense infection. Tropenmed Parasitol 33(3):158–160

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Laperchia C, Palomba M, Seke Etet PF, Rodgers J, Bradley B, Montague P, Grassi-Zucconi G, Kennedy PGE, Bentivoglio M (2016) Trypanosoma brucei invasion and T-cell infiltration of the brain parenchyma in experimental sleeping sickness: timing and correlation with functional changes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 10(12):e0005242. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu G, Sun D, Wu H, Zhang M, Huan H, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhou H, Shi M (2015) Distinct contributions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei infection in the context of Gamma interferon and interleukin-10. Infect Immun 83:2785–2795

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin Phenol Reagent. J Biochem 193:265–275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Majiwa PAO, Thatthi R, Moloo SK, Nyeko JHP, Otieno LH, Maloo S (1994) Detection of trypanosome infections in the saliva of tsetse flies and buffy-coat samples from antigenaemic but aparasitaemic cattle. Parasitology 108(3):313–322

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield JM, Paulnock DM, Hedberg GM (2014) Bridging innate and adaptive immunity in African trypanosomiasis, In: Trypanosomes and trypanosomiasis. Springer, Verlag Wien, pp 89–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1556-54

  • Manual M (2012) Haematologic reference ranges. Merck Veterinary Manual. Retrieved August 10, 2019 from http://www.merckmanuals.com/

  • Naessens J (2006) Bovine trypanotolerance: a natural ability to prevent severe anaemia and haemophagocytic syndrome? Int J Parasitol 36(5):521–528

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ode SA, Adamu M, Saror DI (2017) Haematology and some serum biochemistry of apparently healthy Muturu and Bunaji breeds of cattle in Benue State, Nigeria. Comp Clin Pathol 26(1):233–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-016-2375-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Onyeyili PA, Egwu GO, Jibike GI, Pepple DJ, Ohaegbulam JO (1992) Seasonal variation in haematological indices in the grey-breasted guinea fowl (Numidamealagris Gallatapallas). Niger J Anim Prod 18(2):108–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Orenge CO, Munga L, Kimwele C, Kemp S, Korol A, Gibson J et al (2011) Expression of trypanotolerance in N’Dama x Boran crosses under field challenge in relation to N’Dama genome content. BMC Proc 5:S23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-6561-5-S4-S23

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Orenge CO, Munga L, Kimwele C, Kemp S, Korol A, Gibson JP et al (2012) Trypanotolerance in N’Dama x Boran crosses under natural trypanosome challenge: effect of test-year environment, gender, and breed composition. BMC Genet 13:87. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-13-87

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sabino EC, Lee TH, Montalvo L, Nguyen ML, Leiby DA, Carrick DM, Otani MM, Vinelli E, Wright D, Stramer SL, Busch M (2013) Antibody levels correlate with detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA by sensitive polymerase chain reaction assays in seropositive blood donors and possible resolution of infection over time. Transfusion 53:1257–1265

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma P, Juyal PD, Singla LD, Chachra D, Pawar H (2012) Comparative evaluation of real time conventional parasitological techniques for diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi in cattle and buffaloes. Vet Parasitol 190(3–4):375–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.07.005

  • Shaw AP, Cecchi G, Wint GR, Mattioli RC, Robinson TP (2014) Mapping the economic benefits to livestock keepers from intervening against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa. Prev Vet Med 113:197–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shugaba A, Umar I, Omage J, Ibrahim NDG, Andrews J, Ukoha AI, Saror DI, Esievo KAN (1994) Biochemical differences (O-acetyl and glycolyl groups) in erythrocyte surface sialic acids of trypanotolerant N’Dama and trypanosusceptible Zebu cattle. J Comp Pathol 110(1):91–95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silbermayr K, LiF SA, Müller S, Sölkner J (2013) A novel qPCR assay for the detection of African Animal Trypanosomosis in trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle breeds. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7(8):e2345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takeet MI, Fagbemi BO, De Donato M, Yakubu A, Rodulfo HE, Peters SO, Wheto M, Imumorin IG (2013) Molecular survey of pathogenic trypanosomes in naturally infected Nigerian cattle. Res Vet Sci 94:555–561

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tavares-Dias M, Moraes FRD (2007) Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf), with an assessment of morphologic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features. Vet Clin Pathol 36(1):49–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor KA (1998) Immune responses of cattle to African trypanosomes: protective or pathogenic? Int J Parasitol 28:219–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Togun VA, Oseni BSA, Ogundipe JA, Arewa TR, Hammed AA, Ajonijebu DC, Mustapha F (2007) Effects of chronic lead administration on the haematological parameters of rabbit—a preliminary study. In Proceedings of the 41st Conferences of the Agricultural Society of Nigeria (Vol 341)

  • World Health Organization (2013) Control and surveillance of human African trypanosomiasis report of a WHO expert committee, WHO Technical Report Series 984. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

    Theodora O. Omadevuaye & Richard Edem Antia

  2. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Plateau State, Jos, Nigeria

    George Yilzem Gurumyen

  3. Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

    John Ogunsola

Authors
  1. Theodora O. Omadevuaye
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Richard Edem Antia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. George Yilzem Gurumyen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. John Ogunsola
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Richard Edem Antia.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Omadevuaye, T.O., Antia, R.E., Gurumyen, G.Y. et al. Comparative haematology of quantitative PCR negative trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle in Nigeria. Comp Clin Pathol 31, 123–133 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-021-03316-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-021-03316-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation