Abstract
The use of Kigelia africana plant is beneficial in many medicinal applications. This study investigated the chemical compounds as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of KA fruits in vitro and in vivo. Molecular docking study was used to predict the activities of these metabolites in relation to diabetes mellitus. From the result of GC-TOFMS, phenol-2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, benzene propanoic acid-3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxymethylester, naphthalene-2-methyl-, and oxalic acid-4-chlorophenyl nonyl-ester were newly identified and revealed a strong binding affinity of − 6.1, − 6.3, − 6.8, and − 6.2 kcal/mol respectively. The hexane and ethyl acetate fractions had the highest antioxidant activities with 0.14 and 0.025 mg/mL for DPPH; 91.31 and 99.20 mg AAE/g for FRAP; and 80.61 and 98.88 mg AAE/g for TPC, respectively. Hexane fraction (HF) had the lowest IC50 value (1.97 mg/mL) against α-amylase. At low and middle doses, HF showed significant ameliorative activities by restoring islet cells, increasing the number of β cells, and reducing fasting blood glucose levels. Significant differences were observed in the activities of GGT and G-6-PDH. KA fruit exhibited high antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activities in STZ-induced diabetic rats. According to molecular docking study, the use of the base structure of 2,4-ditert-butylphenol identified from K. africana fruit may serve as the novel approach to the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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16 November 2020
The Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-020-03185-x
Abbreviations
- DM:
-
Diabetes mellitus
- mGPDH:
-
Mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
- AMPK:
-
Adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase
- FRAP:
-
Ferric reducing antioxidant power
- TPC:
-
Total phenol content
- TFC:
-
Total flavonoid content
- DPPH:
-
1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate
- ACC:
-
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- MTT:
-
3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
- FBS:
-
Fetal bovine serum
- PCA:
-
Principal component analysis
- GC-TOFMS:
-
Gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer
- CCl4 :
-
Tetrachloromethane
- HEK 293:
-
Human embryonic kidney 293 cell line
- DMEM:
-
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- DNSA:
-
Dinitrosalicylic acid
- QUE:
-
Quercetin equivalent
- AAE:
-
Ascorbic acid equivalent
- GAE:
-
Gallic acid equivalent
- HAT:
-
Hydrogen atom transfer
- SET:
-
Single electron transfer
- ECE:
-
Ethanol crude extract
- HF:
-
Hexane fraction
- BF:
-
Butanol fraction
- AqF:
-
Aqueous fraction
- EF:
-
Ethyl acetate fraction
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Acknowledgments
We recognized the support of the First Technical University, especially the Vice-Chancellor, Professor Ayobami Salami. We also thank College of Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, University of South Africa, Florida Park, Johannesburg, South Africa, for releasing most of the equipment used in this research. The infrastructure support from the institution as well is gratefully acknowledged.
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Ethics approval of this research project was obtained from the Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. with approval number IPH/OAU/12/1263. The experimental protocol was according to the guidelines of Laboratory Animal Care adopted from NIH Publication No. 85-23 principles (NIH Publication Revised, 1985).
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Highlights
• Ninety-one chemical compounds were metabolically profiled from Kigelia africana fruits.
• Kigelia africana fruit exhibited high antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.
• K. africana fruit showed ameliorative activities in the pancreas of diabetic rats.
• 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol showed higher binding affinity than metformin in DM.
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Fagbohun, O.F., Oriyomi, O.V., Adekola, M.B. et al. Biochemical applications of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. fruit extracts in diabetes mellitus. Comp Clin Pathol 29, 1251–1264 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-020-03179-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-020-03179-9