Abstract
In order to determine the current status of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in Sokoto State, Nigeria, a competitive ELISA kit was used to detect the presence of antibodies to PPR virus among the unvaccinated sheep and goats from some randomly selected local government areas (LGAs) in the study area. An overall seroprevalence rate of 45.50% (197/433) was recorded for the disease in this study. Based on the LGAs sampled, the seroprevalence rates in decreasing order were 68.75% (Sokoto South), 59.10% (Tambuwal), 56.72% (Goronyo), 53.24% (Kware), 33.24% (Bodinga) and 18.60% (Wurno). Our results further revealed that sheep had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage of the seroprevalence rate (52.41%) than the goats (40.24%) sampled in this study. Similarly, age group was found to be significantly associated with the seroprevalence rate which was highest among animals aged 1–2 years (52.49%) followed by those aged less than 1 year old (44.86%) and those aged above 2 years (31.97%). Lastly, breeds of goats, but not those of sheep considered in this study, were found to be significantly associated with the seroprevalence rate (p < 0.05). Altogether, our results signify the active circulation of PPR virus in all the geopolitical zones of the state, and that age, sex, species and location of sampling may constitute the risk factors for the occurrence of the disease in the study area. Therefore, vaccination using PPR homologous vaccine should be intensified in the study area. Genetic characterisation of the circulating peste des petits ruminants virus in the study area should also be performed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abubakar M, Jamal SM, Arshed MJ, Hussain M, Ali Q (2009) Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) infection; its association with species, seasonal variations and geography. Trop Anim Health Prod 41(7):1197–1202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-008-9300-9
Al-Majali AM, Hussain NO, Amarin NM, Majok AA (2008) Seroprevalence of, and risk factors for, peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in Northern Jordan. Prev Vet Med 85(1–2):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2008.01.002
Bailey D, Banyard A, Dash P, Ozkul A, Barrett T (2005) Full genome sequence of peste des petits ruminants virus, a member of the Morbillivirus genus. Virus Res 110(1–2):119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2005.01.013
Banyard AC, Parida S, Batten C, Oura C, Kwiatek O, Libeau G (2010) Global distribution of peste des petits ruminants virus and prospects for improved diagnosis and control. J Gen Virol 91(12):2885–2897. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.025841-0
Bello AM, Lawal JR, Dauda J, Wakil Y, Lekko YM, Mshellia ES, Ezema KU (2016) Research for peste des petits ruminants ( PPR ) virus antibodies in goats, sheep and gazelle from Bauchi and Gombe states, north eastern Nigeria. Direct Res J Agric Food Sci 4(8):193–198
Couacy-Hymann E, Bodjo SC, Danho T, Koffi MY, Libeau G, Diallo A (2007) Early detection of viral excretion from experimentally infected goats with peste-des-petits ruminants virus. Prev Vet Med 78(1):85–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2006.09.003
El-Yuguda AD, Baba SS, Ambali AG, Egwu Godon OO (2013) Seroprevalence of peste des petits ruminants among domestic small and large ruminants in the semi-arid region of North-eastern Nigeria. Vet World 6(10):807–811. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2013.807-811
El Harrak M, Touil N, Loutfi C, Hammouchi M, Parida S, Sebbar G, Chaffai N, Harif B, Messoudi N, Batten C, Oura CA (2012) A reliable and reproducible experimental challenge model for peste des petits ruminants virus. J Clin Microbiol 50(11):3738–3740. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01785-12
EMPRES (Emergency Prevention System for Transboundary Animal and Plant Pests and Diseases) (2009) Recognizing peste des petits ruminants: a field manual. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Rome
Furley CW, Taylor WP, Obi TU (1987) An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in a zoological collection. Vet Rec 121:443–447. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.121.19.443
Hamdy FM, Dardiri AH (1976) Response of white-tailed deer to infection with peste des petits ruminants virus. J Wildl Dis 12(4):516–522. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-12.4.516
Haroun M, Hajer I, Mukhtar M, Ali BE (2002) Detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in sera of cattle, camels, sheep and goats in Sudan. Vet Res Commun 26(7):537–541. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020239515020
Hoffmann B, Wiesner H, Maltzan J, Mustefa R, Eschbaumer M, Arif FA, Beer M (2012) Fatalities in wild goats in Kurdistan associated with peste des petits ruminants virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 59(December 2010):173–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01270.x
Kaukarbayevich KZ (2009) Epizootological analysis of PPR spread on African continent and in Asian countries. Afr J Agric Res 4(9):787–790
Kihu SM, Gachohi JM, Ndungu EK, Gitao GC, Bebora LC, John NM, Wairire GG, Maingi N, Wahome RG, Ireri R (2015) Sero-epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants virus infection in Turkana County, Kenya. BMC Vet Res 11(1):87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0401-1
Kinne J, Kreutzer R, Kreutzer M, Wernery U, Wohlsein P (2010) Peste des petits ruminants in Arabian wildlife. Epidemiol Infect 138(8):1211–1214. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268809991592
Kumar N, Maherchandani S, Kashyap SK, Singh SV, Sharma S, Chaubey KK, Ly H (2014) Peste des petits ruminants virus infection of small ruminants: a comprehensive review. Viruses 6(6):2287–2327. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6062287
Lembo T, Oura C, Parida S, Hoare R, Frost L, Fyumagwa R, Kivaria F, Chubwa C, Kock R, Cleaveland S, Batten C (2013) Peste des petits ruminants infection among cattle and wildlife in northern Tanzania. Emerg Infect Dis 19(12):2037–2040. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1912.130973
Luka PD, Erume J, Mwiine FN, Ayebazibwe C, Shamaki D (2011) Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of peste des petits ruminants viruses from North central States of Nigeria. BMC Vet Res 7(1):32. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-7-32
Munir M (2014) Role of wild small ruminants in the epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants. Transbound Emerg Dis 61(5):411–424. https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.12052
Munir M (2015). Peste des petits ruminants virus (Vol. I). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45165-6
National Population Commission [NPC] (2006) Population and housing census of the federal republic of Nigeria. Population and housing tables, sokoto state priority tables Vol 1. pp 11–26
Nanda YP, Chatterjee A, Purohit AK, Diallo A, Innui K, Sharma RN, Libeau G, Thevasagayam JA, Brüning A, Kitching RP, Anderson J, Barrett T, Taylor, WP (1996). The isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus from Northern India. Vet Microbiol 51(3–4)9: 207–216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(96)00025-9
Ozkul A, Akca Y, Alkan F, Barrett T, Karaoglu T, Dagalp SB, Anderson J, Yesilbag K, Cokcalıskan C, Gencay A, Burgu I (2002) Prevalence, distribution, and host range of peste des petits ruminants virus, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis 8(7):708–712. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0807.010471
Parida S, Muniraju M, Mahapatra M, Muthuchelvan D, Buczkowski H, Banyard AC (2015) Peste des petits ruminants. Vet Microbiol 181(1–2):90–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.009
Roeder PL, Lubroth J, Taylor WP (2004) Experience with eradicating rinderpest by vaccination. Dev Biol 119:73–91
Bodjo SC, Couacy-Hymann E, Koffi MY, Danho T (2006) Assessment of the duration of maternal antibodies specific to the homologous. Biokemistri 18(2):99–103
Taylor WP, Abegunde A (1979) The isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus from Nigerian sheep and goats. Res Vet Sci 26(1):94–96 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/472495
Taylor WP, Al Busaidy S, Barrett T (1990) The epidemiology of peste des petits ruminants in the Sultanate of Oman. Vet Microbiol 22(4):341–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(90)90021-M
Truong T, Boshra H, Embury-Hyatt C, Nfon C, Gerdts V, Tikoo S, Babiuk LA, Kara P, Chetty T, Mather A, Wallace DB, Babiuk S (2014) Peste des petits ruminants virus tissue tropism and pathogenesis in sheep and goats following experimental infection. PLoS One 9(1):e87145. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087145
Acknowledgements
Special appreciation goes to the staff of the Virus Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria, for their technical assistance in the conduct of this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical statements
This research does not contain any studies on human participants. All procedures on animals in this research were carried out according to the recommendations of the Animal Welfare Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bello, M.B., Kazeem, H.M., Oladele, S.B. et al. Seroprevalence of peste des petits ruminants among unvaccinated small ruminants in Sokoto State, northwestern Nigeria. Comp Clin Pathol 27, 1141–1146 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2711-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2711-8