Abstract
Goats are important protein-producing animals but pneumonia, in spite of the huge investments in small ruminant production, remains a major limitation. This study evaluates the prevalence of important bacterial pathogens associated with caprine pneumonia in Nigeria using cultural and immunohistochemical techniques. One hundred and fifty goat lungs were randomly examined from macroscopic, cultural isolation and microscopic changes using standard techniques. The common bacteria identified were formalin inactivated for bacterine and polyclonal antibody production. Immunohistochemical staining was performed against the bacteria antigens using the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex technique. The data were presented in frequencies and percentages, and compared using non-parametric statistics at α = 0.05. The pathology in the caprine lungs included broncho-interstitial pneumonia (41), interstitial pneumonia (27), and bronchopneumonia (72). Ten of the lungs were normal. Bacterial isolation yielded Mannheimia haemolytica (40%), Pasteurella multocida (20%), Escherichia coli (13%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%), Streptococcus sp. (8%), Baccillus sp. (5%), and Pseudomonas sp. (3%). Mannheimia haemolytica (Mh) and Pasturella multocida (Pm) were the most common isolated bacteria. The bacterial antigens were detected on the surface of respiratory bronchiolar, and alveolar epithelia, within inflammatory exudate and in cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages. One hundred twenty (80%) of the caprine lungs were positive for the Mh and Pm antigens; 47 for Mh, 59 for Pm, 14 for both, and 30 negative for either antigens. Significant differences were observed in the staining intensities of the antigens. This study validated Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida as most important bacterial pathogens in caprine pneumonia in Nigeria. Thus, adequate control of caprine pneumonia should consider bacterine or multivalent vaccines incorporating these important bacteria to curb morbidity and mortality of goats.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abera D, Sisay T, Birhanu T (2014) Isolation and identification of Mannheimia and Pasteurella species from pneumonic and apparently healthy cattle and their antibiogram susceptibility pattern in Bedelle District, Western Ethiopia. J Bacteriol Res 6(5):32–41
Ademosun AA (1985) Contributions of research to small ruminants production in Nigeria. In: Adu IF, Osinowo OA, Taiwo BBA, Alhassan WS (eds) Small ruminant production in Nigeria. NAPRI Shika, Zaria, pp 18–34
Ahmed BS, Ahmed S, Mahmoud GI, Elnamer W, Abdel-Rahim EA (2014) Biochemical evaluation of Mannheimia haemolytica formaline killed vaccine. J Biol Chem Environ Sci 9(4):277–289
Christensen H, Angen Q, Oisen JE, Bisgarad M (2004) Revised description and classification of atypical isolates of Pasteurella multocida from bovine lungs based on genotypic characterization to include variants previously classified as biovar 2 of Pasteurella canis and Pasteurella avium. Microbiology 150(6):1757–1767
Dabo SM, Taylor JD, Coufer AW (2007) Pasteurella multocida and bovine respiratory disease. Anim Health Res Rev 8(2):129–150
Davies DH, Herceg M, Thurley DC (1982) Experimental infection of lambs with an adenovirus followed by Pasteurella hemolytica. Vet Microbiol 7:369–381
Diker KS, Akan M, Kaya O (2016) Evaluation of immunogenicity of Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes in experimental models. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 24:139–143
Emikpe BO, Sabri YM, Akpavie SO, Zamri-Saad M (2010) Experimental infection of Peste des petits ruminants virus and Mannheimia haemolytica A2 in goats: immuno-localisation of Mannheimia haemolytica antigens. Vet Res Commun 34:569–578
Emikpe BO, Akpavie SO, Zamri-Saad M, Sabri YM (2011) Histopathology and immu nodetection of Mannheimia hemolytica antigens in experimental caprine pneumonia. Folia Vet 55(1):32–37
Haritani M, Ishino S, Oka M, Nakazawa M, Kobayashi M, Narita M, Takizawa T (1989) Immunoperoxidase evaluation of pneumonic lesions in calves naturally infected with Pasteurella haemolytica. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi 51(6):1137–1141
Haritani M, Nakazawa M, Hashimoto K, Narita M, Tagawa Y, Nakagawa M (1990) Immunoperoxidase evaluation of the relationship between necrotic lesions and causative bacteria in lungs of calves with naturally acquired pneumonia. Am J Vet Res 51:1975–1979
Jarikre TA, Emikpe BO (2017) First report of immunohistochemical detection of Peste des petit ruminants, parainfluenza 3 and respiratory syncytial viral antigens in lungs of Nigerian goats. J Immunoass Immunochem 38(5):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2017.1349669
Jarikre TA, Emikpe BO, Morenikeji OA, Akpavie SO (2016) Pattern and associated risk factors of caprine pneumonia in Nigeria. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 6(3):179–183
Mohamed RA, Abdelsalam EB (2008) A review on pneumonic pasteurellosis (respiratory mannheimiosis) with emphasis on pathogenesis, virulence mechanisms and predisposing factors. Bulg J Vet Med 11(3):139–160
Narita M, Kimura K, Tanimura N, Arai S, Katsuda TK (2000) Immunohistochemical characterization of calf pneumonia produced by the combined endobronchial administration of bovine herpesvirus 1 and Pasteurella haemolytica. J Comp Pathol 123:126–134
Odugbo MO, Odama LE, Umoh JU, Makinde AA (2003) Serotypes of Pasteurella hemolytica from pneumonic lungs of sheep in Northern Nigeria. Small Rumin Res 48:239–243
Ojo MO (1975) Caprine pneumonia. III. Biochemical characterization and serological types of pasteurellae. Niger J Anim Prod 2:216–221
Ojo MO (1976) Caprine pneumonia in Nigeria: epidemiology and bacterial flora of normal and diseased respiratory tracts. Trop Anim Health Prod 8:85–89
Quinn PJ, Markey BK, Carter ME, Donnelly WJ, Leonard FC (2002) Veterinary microbiology and microbial disease. Blackwell Sci:137–143
Roier S, Fenninger JC, Leitner DR, Rechberger GN, Reidl J, Schild S (2013) Immunogenicity of Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica outer membrane vesicles. Int J Med Microbiol 303(5):247–256
Sisay T, Zerihun A (2003) Diversity of Mannheinmia haemolytica and P. trehalose serotypes from apparently healthy sheep and abattoir specimens in the highlands of Wollo, North Eastern Ethiopia. Vet Res Commun 27:3–14
Tijjani AN, Ameh JA, Gambo HI, Hassan SU, Sadiq MA, Gulani I (2012) Studies on the bacterial flora and pathologic lesions of caprine pneumonic lungs in Maiduguri North-Eastern Nigeria. Afr J Microbiol Res 6(48):7417–7422
Ugochukwu IC, Aneke CI, Ezeasor CK, Msheila WP, Idoko SI, kwabugge AY, Shoyinka SVO, Chineme CN, Chah KE, Ugochukwu EI (2017) Pathomorphology and aerobic bacteria associated with pneumonia in small ruminants slaughtered at the Nsukka abattoir. Anim Res Int 14(1):2644–2651
Yener Z, Ilhan F, Ilhan Z, Saglam YS (2009) Immunohistochemical detection of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica antigens in goats with natural pneumonia. Vet Res Commun 33:305–313
Zamri SM, Effendy WM, Maswati MA, Salim N, Sheikh OAR (1996) The goat as a model for studies of pneumonic pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida. Br Vet J 152(4):453−458
Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely appreciate the efforts of Dr. Olajumoke A. Morenikeji for providing access to the research animals.
Funding
This study was funded by the University of Ibadan Research Grant (SRG/FVM/2010/6A).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Author BO Emikpe received the research grants (SRG/FVM/2010/6A) of the University of Ibadan. All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jarikre, T.A., Alao, O.S. & Emikpe, B.O. Cultural and immunohistochemical evaluation of bacterial agents in caprine pneumonia in Nigeria. Comp Clin Pathol 27, 1051–1055 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2700-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-018-2700-y