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Effect of Gouania longipetala (Hemsl.) methanolic leaf extract on the kidney and hematology of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats

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Abstract

The kidney is involved in glucose regulation. Disruption in blood parameters in hyperglycemia can lead to anemia due to the increased non-enzymatic glycosylation of red blood cell membrane proteins. The methanol leaf extract of Gouania longipetala was investigated for its effect on the kidney and hematological parameters of hyperglycemic Wistar rats induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate (160 mg/kg). Treatment was done orally using 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg of G. longipetala extract (GLE) with glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) as standard reference drug for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, blood collected from the retro-orbital plexus of the rats’ eyes was used for evaluation of serum urea and creatinine and hematological determinations. Histopathological evaluation of the kidney was also done using standard procedures. GLE and glibenclamide caused a dose-dependent and significant (p < 0.01) reduction of the serum urea and creatinine when compared to the negative control. The extract also significantly (p < 0.05) increased packed cell volume and red blood cell count and decreased white blood cell count of GLE-treated rats dose dependently. There was no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of the extract-treated groups and the negative control rats. Histopathology of the kidney revealed no variations in the kidney of both treated and control rats. In conclusion, the results suggest that G. longipetala may be of help in diabetes-induced anemia and nephropathy associated with diabetes mellitus.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

    Maxwell I. Ezeja

  2. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

    Aruh O. Anaga & Isaac O. Asuzu

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  1. Maxwell I. Ezeja
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  2. Aruh O. Anaga
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  3. Isaac O. Asuzu
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Correspondence to Maxwell I. Ezeja.

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Ezeja, M.I., Anaga, A.O. & Asuzu, I.O. Effect of Gouania longipetala (Hemsl.) methanolic leaf extract on the kidney and hematology of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats. Comp Clin Pathol 23, 1697–1702 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-014-1901-2

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