Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Immunomodulatory effect of Kalpaamruthaa on 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma studied in rats

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Comparative Clinical Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Kapaamruthaa is a modified Siddha preparation prepared in our laboratory. It has been proven to have therapeutic effect against arthritis and liver cancer. The present study was carried out to bring about the protective effect of Kalpaamruthaa on experimental mammary carcinoma in rats with special reference to cytokines, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 15–3 (CA 15–3), immunoglobulin levels, and glycoprotein components. Breast cancer was induced in rats by administering 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) orally (25 mg/rat) as a single dose. After 90 days of induction, Semecarpus anacardium Linn. (200 mg/kg body weight) and Kalpaamruthaa (KA) (300 mg/kg body weight) were administered for 14 days, by gastric intubation. In mammary carcinoma-bearing rats, the levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in serum when compared to control rats. The levels of CEA and CA 15–3 were found to be significantly increased (p < 0.001) in mammary carcinoma-bearing rats. The levels of IgG and IgM were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) whereas IgA levels were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in mammary carcinoma-bearing rats. The levels of glycoprotein components namely hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid were significantly (p < 0.001) increased in the spleen and thymus of the mammary carcinoma-bearing (group II) rats when compared to control rats. Treatment with KA significantly altered the levels of cytokines, CEA, CA 15–3, immunoglobulins, and glycoprotein components to near normal levels when compared to breast cancer-induced rats. The present study suggests the therapeutic effect of KA in DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in rats.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander FE, Roberts MM (1987) The menopause and breast cancer. J Epidemiol Community Health 41:94–100

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asmawi MZ, Kankaanranta H, Moilanen E, Vapaatalo H (1993) Anti-inflammatory activities of Emblica officinalis Gaertn. Leaf extracts. J Pharm Pharmacol 45:581–584

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bendich A (1997) Vitamin C safety in humans. In: Packer L, Fuchs J (eds) Vitamin C in health and disease. Marcel-Dekker, New York, pp 367–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Burstein HJ, Gelber S, Guadagnoli E, Weeks JC (1999) Use of alternative medicine by women with early stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med 340:1733–1739

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan GC, Cheung KW, Sze DM (2012) The immunomodulatory and anticancer properties of propolis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. doi:10.1007/s12016-012-8322-2

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandy KG, Huebscher SG, Elias E, Berg J, Khan M, Burnett D (1983) Dual role of the liver in regulating polymeric IgA in man: studies on patients with liver diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 52:207–18

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Culig Z, Steiner H, Bartsch G, Hobisch A (2005) Interleukin-6 regulation of prostate cancer cell growth. J Cell Biochem 95:497–505

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrke MJ (2003) Immunomodulation in cancer therapeutics. Int Immunopharmacol 3:1105–1119

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elangovan V, Nalini R, Balasubramanian S, Sekar N, Govindasamy S (1994) Studies on the anti-proliferative effect of some naturally occurring bioflavonoidal compounds against human carcinoma of larynx and Sarcoma-180 cell lines. Indian J Pharmacol 26:266–269

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Formulary A (1972) Formulary of Siddha Medicine. 2nd edn. Indian Medicine Practitioners Cooperative Pharmacy and Stores Ltd, Madras, p 197

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedrich A, Walther E, Bomski B, Glass W (1984) Simultaneous studies of granulocyte phagocytosis, serum immunoglobulins, acute phase proteins and 3d complement component in patients with malignant tumors. Arch Geschwulstforsch 54:137–152

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes D, Zuwarsky JV, Kufe D (1986) Comparison of circulating CA 15.3 and CEA in patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 4:1542–1550

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich PC, Behrmann I, Muller-Newen G, Schaper F, Graeve L (1998) Interleukin-6-type cytokine signalling through the gp130/Jak/STAT pathway. Biochem J 334:297–314

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Honma S, Shimodaira K, Shimizu Y et al (2002) The influence of inflammatory cytokines on estrogen production and cell proliferation in human breast cancer cells. Endocr J 49:371–7

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang CF, Lin SS, Liao PH, Young SC, Yang CC (2008) The immunopharmaceutical effects and mechanisms of herb medicine. Cell Mol Immunol 5:23–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Murray T, Thun MJ (2008) Cancer statistics 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 58:71–96

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katz AE (1983) Immunobiologic staging of patients with carcinoma of the hand and neck. Laryngoscope 93:445–463

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan HB, Vinayagam KS, Sekar A, Palanivelu S, Panchanatham S (2012) Antidiabetic and antioxidant effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract in a high fat diet STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. J Diet Suppl 9(1):19–33

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khan HB, Vinayagam KS, Moorthy BT, Palanivelu S, Panchanatham S (2013) Anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Semecarpus anacardium in a high fat diet: STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rat model. Inflammopharmacology 21(1):37–46. doi:10.1007/s10787-011-0109-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SJ, Uehara H, Karashima T, McCarty M, Shih N, Fidler IJ (2001) Expression of interleukin-8 correlates with angiogenesis, tumourigenicity, and metastasis of human prostate cancer cells implanted orthotopically in nude mice. Neoplasia 3:33–42

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kortze JP, Mathews MJ, Klerk WA (1974) Effect of ascorbic acid on lipoprotein lipase activity. S Afr Med J 48:511–514

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamoureux G, Mandeville R, Poisson R, Legault-Poisson S, Jolicoeur R (1982) Biologic markers and breast cancer. A multiparametric study increased serum protein levels. Cancer 49:502–512

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leong SP, Shen ZZ, Liu TJ, Agarwal G, Tajima T, Paik N-S et al (2010) Is breast cancer the same disease in Asian and Western countries? World J Surg 34:2308–2324

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Farr AI, Randall RJ (1951) Protein determination using Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Ind Vet J 193:265–275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Micksche M, Luger T, Mchelica W, Tatra G (1978) Investigations on general immune reactivity in untreated cervical cancer patients. Oncology 35:206–209

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy SSN (1992) New biflavanoid from Semecarpus anacardium Linn. Clin Acta Turcica 20:33–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niebes P (1972) Determination of enzymes and degradation products of glycosaminoglycans. Clin Chim Acta 42:399–408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O'Kennedy R, Berns G, Moran E, Smyth H, Carroll K, Thornes RD (1991) A critical analysis of the use of sialic acid determination in the diagnosis of malignancy. Cancer Lett 58:91–100

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Purohit A, Newman SP, Reed MJ (2002) The role of cytokines in regulating estrogen synthesis: implications for the etiology of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 4:65–69

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramprasath VR, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P (2005) Evaluation of antioxidant effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut extract on the components of immune system in adjuvant arthritis. Vasc Pharmacol 42:179–186

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts MM, Bathgate EM, Stevenson A (1975) Serum immunoglobulin levels in patients with breast cancer. Cancer 36:221–4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Satpathy PK, Dutta NK, Mishra PR, Kar BC (1996) Glutaraldehyde coagulation test: standard curve and its applications to detect gammaglobulin level in kids. Ind Vet J 73:257–260

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sell S (1990) Cancer-associated carbohydrates identified by monoclonal antibodies. Hum Pathol 21:1003–1019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Selvam S, Nagini S (1995) Administration of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate alters glycoconjugate profile. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 39:252–254

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sheen-Chen SM, Chen WJ, Eng HL, Chou FF (1997) Serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 43:211–215

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg Z, Chadha K, Lieberman A, Drake A, Hojnacki D, Weinstock-Guttman B, Munschauer F (2009) Immunomodulatory responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multiple sclerosis patients upon in vitro incubation with the flavonoid luteolin: additive effects of IFN-β. J Neuroinflammation 6:28

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sujatha V, Sachdanandam P (2002) Recuperative effect of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. nut milk extract on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in experimental mammary carcinoma-bearing rats. Phytother Res 16:S14–S18

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szlosarek PW, Balkwill FR (2003) Tumor necrosis factor a: a potential target for the therapy of solid tumors. Lancet Oncol 4:565–573

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tennant BH, Baldwin RK, Braun ML, Norcross SM (1979) Use of the glutaraldehyde coagulation test for the detection of hypogamma-globulinemia in neonatal calves. Am J Vet Med 174:848–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson DK, Haddow JE, Smith DE, Ritchie RF (1981) Serum protein changes in women with early breast cancer. Cancer 48:793–798

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson JA, Grunert F, Zimmermann W (1991) Carcinoembryonic antigen gene family: molecular biology and clinical perspectives. J Clin Lab Anal 5:344–66

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Veena K, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P (2006) Anticancer effect of Kalpaamruthaa on mammary carcinoma in rats with reference to glycoprotein components lysosomal and marker enzymes. Biol Pharm Bull 29:565–569

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner WD (1979) More sensitive assay discriminating galactosamine and glucosamine in mixtures. Anal Biochem 94:394–397

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warren L (1959) The thiobarbituric acid assay of sialic acids. J Biol Chem 234:1971–1975

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whiteside TL (2006) Immune suppression in cancer: effects on immune cells, mechanisms and future therapeutic intervention. Semin Cancer Biol 16:3–15

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang CS, Landau JM, Huang MT, Newmark HL (2001) Inhibition of carcinogenesis by dietary polyphenolic compounds. Annu Rev Nutr 21:381–406

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zamcheck N, Martin EW (1981) Factors controlling the circulating CEA levels in pancreatic cancer, some clinical correlations. Cancer 47:1620–1627

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Financial assistance from the University Grant Commission in the form of Research Fellowship in Science for Meritorious Students, New Delhi, is gratefully acknowledged.

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr A.L.M. P-G. I.B.M.S., University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600 113, India

    Vijayakanth Dharmendra & Sachdanandam Panchanadham

  2. Department of Pathology, Dr A.L.M. P-G. I.B.M.S., University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, 600 113, India

    Shanthi Palanivelu

Authors
  1. Vijayakanth Dharmendra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shanthi Palanivelu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sachdanandam Panchanadham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sachdanandam Panchanadham.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dharmendra, V., Palanivelu, S. & Panchanadham, S. Immunomodulatory effect of Kalpaamruthaa on 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma studied in rats. Comp Clin Pathol 23, 1087–1094 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-013-1746-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-013-1746-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation