Abstract
This study investigated in vitro effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on ram sperm motion parameters at concentrations less than its spermicidal effects. After incubation of epididymal sperm samples for 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 min in the presence of LPS (50, 100, 200, and 400 µg/ml), motion parameters were evaluated by computer-aided sperm analysis. There was no significant increase of the fast progressive motility (class A) of sperm in LPS-treated groups at different times while there was a decrease in the slow progressive motility (class B) and the non-progressive motility (class C) of sperm in LPS-treated groups at different times that were only significant (P < 0.05) at the 135 min (classes B and C) and 180 min (only class C) incubation times and at concentrations of 200 and 400 µg/ml LPS compared to their controls. Concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 µg/ml LPS caused an increase in linearity; the wobble, mean angular displacement, and the amplitude of lateral head displacement decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at different times (45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 min). It can be concluded that LPS, at concentrations less than its spermicidal effect, changes progressive motility and motion parameters that probably lead to infertility.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agarwal A, Prabakaran SA, Said TM (2005) Prevention of oxidative stress injury to sperm. J Androl 26:654–660. doi:10.2164/jandrol.05016
Aitken RJ (1994) A free radical theory of male infertility. Reprod Fertil Dev 6:19–24. doi:10.1071/RD9940019
Bajpai M, Doncel GF (2003) Involvement of tyrosine kinase and cAMP-dependent kinase cross-talk in the regulation of human sperm motility. Reproduction 126(2):183–195
Blash S, Melican D, Gavin W (2000) Cryopreservation of epididymal sperm obtained at necropsy from goats. Theriogenology 54:899–905. doi:10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00400-3
Chen CC, Chiu KT, Sun YT, Chen WC (1999) Role of the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Involvement of cyclooxygenase-2. J Biol Chem 274:31559–31564. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.44.31559
Comhaire FH, Mahmoud AM, Depuydt CE, Zalata AA, Christopher AB (1999) Mechanisms and effects of male genital tract infection on sperm quality and fertilizing potential: the andrologist's viewpoint. Hum Reprod Update 5:393–398. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.5.393
Galdiero F, Gorga F, Bentivoglio C, Mancuso R, Galdiero E, Tufano MA (1988) The action of LPS porins and peptidoglycan fragments on human spermatozoa. Infect 16:349–353. doi:10.1007/BF01644545
Gorga F, Galdiero M, Buommino E, Galdiero E (2001) Porins and lipopolysaccharide induce apoptosis in human spermatozoa. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 8:206–208
Hakimi H, Geary I, Pacey A, Eley A (2006) Spermicidal activity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide is only partly due to lipid. J Androl 27:774–779. doi:10.2164/jandrol.106.000083
Keck C, Gerber-Schafer C, Clad A, Wilhelm C, Breckwoldt M (1998) Seminal tract infections: impact on male fertility and treatment options. Hum Reprod Update 4:891–903. doi:10.1093/humupd/4.6.891
Naz RK, Chaturvedi MM, Aggarwal BB (1994) Role of cytokines and protooncogenes in sperm cell function: relevance to immunologic infertility. Am J Reprod Immunol 32:26–37
Ochsendorf FR (1999) Infections in the male genital tract and reactive oxygen species. Hum Reprod Update 5:399–420. doi:10.1093/humupd/5.5.399
Palsson-McDermott EM, O'Neill LA (2004) Signal transduction by the lipopolysaccharide receptor, Toll-like receptor-4. Immunol 113:153–162. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01976.x
Perdichizzi A, Nicoletti F, La Vignera S, Barone N, D'Agata R, Vicari E, Calogero AE (2007) Effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on human sperm motility and apoptosis. J Clin Immunol 27:152–162. doi:10.1007/s10875-007-9071-5
Potts JM, Pasqualotto FF (2003) Seminal oxidative stress in patients with chronic prostatitis. Andrologia 35:304–308. doi:10.1046/j.1439-0272.2003.00572.x
Purvis K, Christiansen E (1993) Infection in the male reproductive tract. Impact, diagnosis and treatment in relation to male infertility. Int J Androl 16:1–13. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01146.x
Purvis K, Christiansen E (1996) The impact of infection on sperm quality. Hum Reprod 11:31–41
Rajasekaran M, Hellstrom WJ, Naz RK, Sikka SC (1995) Oxidative stress and interleukins in seminal plasma during leukocytospermia. Fertil Steril 64:166–171
Sikka SC, Champion HC, Bivalacqua TJ, Estrada LS, Wang R, Rajasekaran M, Aggarwal BB, Hellstrom WJ (2001) Role of genitourinary inflammation in infertility: synergistic effect of lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma on human spermatozoa. Int J Androl 24:136–141. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2605.2001.00279.x
Urata K, Narahara H, Tanaka Y, Egashira T, Takayama F, Miyakawa L (2001) Effect of endotoxin-induced reactive oxygen species on sperm motility. Fertil Steril 76:163–166. doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(01)01850-7
Verstegen J, Iguer-Quada M, Onclin K (2002) Computer assisted semen analyzers in andrology research and veterinary practice. Theriogenology 57:149–179. doi:10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00664-1
Zalata AA, Ahmed AH, Allamaneni SS, Comhaire FH, Agarwal A (2004) Relationship between acrosin activity of human spermatozoa and oxidative stress. Asian J Androl 6:313–318
Acknowledgements
This work had been supported by the funds granted by the Applied Research Centre, Vice Chancellor for Research of Shahrekord University. The authors would like to thank Ms. Farzaneh Touyeh for editing this text.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mirshokraei, P., Hassanpour, H., Ragh, M.J. et al. In vitro effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on motion parameters of ram epididymal sperm. Comp Clin Pathol 19, 329–334 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-009-0870-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-009-0870-3