Abstract
Viverra zibetha, also known as the large Indian civet, is found from Indochina to southern China. This species is listed as Near Threatened. Blood samples from four adult (two males and two females) large Indian civets in Khao Kheow Open Zoo, Thailand, were prepared for morphological, cytochemical and ultra-structural observation. The red blood cells showed marked anisocytosis, with a mean diameter of 5.0 µm. The cytochemical staining (Sudan black B, peroxidase, α-naphthyl acetate esterase and β-glucuronidase) patterns of leukocytes and haematology were summarised. Eosinophils contained numerous short rod, red refractive granules. Eosinophils lacked sudanophilia and peroxidase activity. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), eosinophils showed rod-shaped granular surfaces. Ultra-structurally, these granules contained lamellar components. Basophils had dull grey, round to oval granules. Under SEM, the basophil surface was smooth with pleomorphic granular contours. Ultra-structurally, the basophil granules contained crystalloid components. Neutrophil engulfed red blood cells, and a sac of eosinophil granules was observed under a transmission electron microscope. These results provide more information on morphological, cytochemical and ultra-structural characteristics of blood cells in large Indian civets.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Apibal S (1987) Cytochemistry for acute leukemia diagnosis. J Med Tech Assoc Thai 15:69–75
Chinprasertsak S, Visutthisakchai S, Munketvit C et al (2008) The cytochemistry of acute leukemia: Observation of myeloperoxidase, Sudan black B, esterase and PAS staining in 1, 800 bone marrow aspirates. J Med Tech Assoc Thai 36:2201–2211
Francis CM (2001) A photograghic guide to mammals of Thailand and South-East Asia. Asia Books, Bangkok, p 74
Hayhoe FGJ, Quaglino D (1980) Hematological cytochemistry. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 68–78 211–212
Henkel KA, Swenson CL, Richardson B et al (1999) Morphology, cytochemical staining and ultrastructure characteristics of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) leukocytes. Vet Clin Pathol 28:8–15. doi:10.1111/j.1939-165X.1999.tb01035.x
IUCN (2008) Viverra zibetha . IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 16 January 2009
Jain NC (1986) Cytochemistry of normal and leukemic leukocytes. In: Schalm OW, Jain NC, Carroll EJ (eds) Schalm's veterinary hematology, 5th edn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 909–934
Jain NC (1993) Essential of veterinary hematology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 105–142 247–294
Latimer KS, Mahaffey EA, Prasse KW (2003) Duncan & Prasse's veterinary laboratory medicine: clinical pathology, 4th edn. Iowa State Press, Ames, pp 1–79
Mills J (1998) Interpretating blood smear (or what blood smear is trying to tell you!). Aust Vet J 76:596–600. doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1998.tb10235.x
Prihirunkit K, Salakij C, Apibal S et al (2007) Hematology, cytochemistry and ultrastructure of blood cells in fishing cat (Felis viverrina). J Vet Sci 8:163–168
Raskin RE, Valenciano A (2000) Cytochemistry of normal leukocytes. In: Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC (eds) Schalm's veterinary hematology, 5th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 337–346
Salakij C, Salakij J, Tengchaisri N et al (2000) Morphology and cytochemistry of blood cells from Asian wild dogs (Cuon alpinus). Kasetsart J (Nat Sci) 34:518–525
Salakij C, Salakij J, Narkkong NA et al (2005a) Hematology, cytochemistry and ultrastructure of blood cells in Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus). Kasetsart J (Nat Sci) 39:247–261
Salakij C, Salakij J, Narkkong NA et al (2005b) Hematology, cytochemistry and ultrastructure of blood cells in Asian elephant (Elephus maximus). Kasetsart J (Nat Sci) 39:482–493
Salakij J, Salakij C, Narkkong NA et al (2007) Hematology, cytochemistry and ultrastructure of blood cells in common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). Kasetsart J (Nat Sci) 41:705–716
Salakij C, Salakij J, Narkkong NA et al (2008a) Hematologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular findings of Hepatozoon-infected flat-headed cats (Prionailurus planiceps). Vet Clin Pathol 37:31–41. doi:10.1111/j.1939-165X.2008.00011.x
Salakij C, Prihirunkit K, Narkkong NA et al (2008b) Hematology, cytochemistry and ultrastructure of blood cells in clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa). J Anim Vet Adv 7:847–853
Salakij C, Salakij J, Narkkong NA et al (2008c) Haematology, cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of blood cells in leopard (Panthera pardus). Comp Clin Patho . doi:10.1007/s00580-008-0774-7
Steffens WLIII (2000) Ultrastructural features of leukocytes. In: Feldman BF, Zinkl JG, Jain NC (eds) Schalm's veterinary hematology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 326–336
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Salakij, C., Salakij, J., Narkkong, N.A. et al. Morphology, cytochemistry and ultra-structure of blood cells in large Indian civet Viverra zibetha (Carnivora, Viverridae). Comp Clin Pathol 18, 419–426 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-009-0834-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-009-0834-7