Abstract
Haematological and serum biochemical values were estimated in blood samples collected from 21 apparently adult golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) of both sexes. The mean values of red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, white blood cells, heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils were 1.63 ± 0.11 × 1012/l, 0.47 ± 0.009 l/l, 91.73 ± 1.52 g/l, 24.31 ± 1.97 × 109/l, 4.40 ± 0.22 × 109/l, 16.81 ± 0.65 × 109/l, 0.99 ± 0.19 × 109/l and 2.10 ± 0.30 × 109/l, respectively. The leucocytes had 69.14%, 4.09%, 18.12% and 8.65% lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils and eosinophils, respectively. The results of serum biochemistry in the golden eagle indicated that the concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, total globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, phosphorous, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were 16.42 ± 0.73 mmol/l, 49.76 ± 1.35 g/l, 20.46 ± 0.79 g/l, 29.30 ± 1.47 g/l, 2.14 ± 0.09 mmol/l, 2.04 ± 0.08 mmol/l, 457.67 ± 97.46 μmol/l, 2.74 ± 0.17 mmol/l, 53.27 ± 3.87 μmol/l, 2.37 ± 0.24 mmol/l, 1.73 ± 0.08 mmol/l, 293.24 ± 18.96 IU/l, 28.21 ± 2.36 IU/l, 411.29 ± 58.37 IU/l, 1,209.89 ± 21.73 IU/l and 67.31 ± 5.29 IU/l, respectively. There were no significant differences between haematological and serum biochemical parameters of male and female golden eagles (P > 0.05).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banks WJ (1993) Applied veterinary histology, 3rd edn. Mosby Year Book, St Louis, pp 150–152
Balasch J, Palomeque J, Palacios L (1974) Hematological values of some great flying and aquatic-diving birds. Comp Biochem Physiol 494:137–145
Bounous DL, Wyatt RD, Gibbs PS et al (2000) Normal hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals for juvenile wild turkeys. J Wildl Dis 36:393–396
Burtis CA, Ashwood ER (1994) Textbook of clinical chemistry, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 735–888
Campbell TW (1988) Avian hematology and cytology. Iowa State University Press, Ames, pp 3–27
Campbell TW (1995) Avian hematology and cytology, 2nd edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, pp 3-34
Coleman JS, Fraser JD, Scanlon PF (1988) Hematocrit and protein concentration of black vulture and turkey vulture blood. Condor 90:937–938
Coles EH, Campbell TW (1986) Veterinary clinical pathology, 4th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 279-291
Feldman BV, Zinkl JG, Jain NC (2000) Schalm,s veterinary hematology, 5th edn. Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, p 1152
Garcia-Montijano M, Garcia A, Lemus JA, Montesinos A, Canales R, Luaces I, Pereira P (2002) Blood chemistry, protein electrophoresis, and hematologic values of captive Spanish imperial eagles (Aquila adalberti). J Zoo Wildl Med 33:112–117
Garcia-Rodriguez T, Ferrer M, Recio F et al (1987) Circadian rhythms of determined blood chemistry values in buzzards and eagle owls. Comp Biochem Physiol 88:663–669
Hauptmanova K, Literak I, Bartova E (2002) Haematology and leukocytozoonosis of Great Tits (Parus major L.) during winter. Acta Vet Brno 71:199–204
Hawkey CM, Samour HJ, Ashton DG et al (1983) Normal and clinical haematology in captive cranes (Gruiformes). Avian Pathol 12:73–84
Hodegs RD (1974) The histology of the fowl. Academic, London, pp 150–171
Hodegs RD (1977) Comparative clinical haematology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp 483–517
Hodegs RD (1979) The blood cells. In: King AS, McLelland J (eds) Form and function in birds. vol. 1. Academic, London, pp 361–380
Jain NC (1986) Schalm,s veterinary hematology, 4th edn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 20-80
Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (1997) Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, 5th edn. Academic, California
Khazraiinia P, Saei S, Mohri M, Haddadzadeh HR, Darvisihha HR, Khaki Z (2006) Serum biochemistry of ostrich (Striothio camelus) in Iran. Comp Clin Pathol 15:87–89
King AS, McLelland J (1984) Birds: their structure and function. Bailliere and Tindall, London, pp 224-227
Lanzarot MP, Barahona MV, San Andres MI (2005) Hematologic, protein electrophoresis, biochemistry, and cholinesterase values of free-living black stork nestlings (Ciconia nigra). J Wildl Dis 41:379–386
Lewandowski AH, Campbell TW, Harrison GJ (1986) Clinical chemistries. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 192–200
Maxwell MH (1973) Comparison of heterophil and basophil ultrastructure in six species of birds. J Anat 115:187–202
Maxwell MH (1974) An ultrastructural comparison of mononuclear leucocytes and thrombocytes in six species of birds. J Anat 117:69–80
Maxwell MH, Siller WG (1972) The ultrastructural characteristics of the eosinophil granules in six species of domestic birds. J Anat 112:289–303
McGowan MW, Artiss JD, Strandbergh DR (1983) A peroxidase-coupled method for the colorimetric determination of serum triglycerides. Clin Chem 29:538–542
Mostaghni K, Badiei K, Nili A, Fazeli A (2005) Haematological and biochemical parameters and the serum concentration of phosphorous, lead, cadmium and chromium in flamingo (Phoenicopterus rubber) and black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) in Iran. Comp Clin Pathol 14:146–148
Mukherjee DP, Ayyagari VB, Panda B (1971) Sex differences in the morphology of the erythrocyte nucleus and melanising activity of the blood of one-day chicks. Br J Poultry Sci 12:459–462
Nazifi S, Vesal N (2003) Hematological values of healthy roseringed parakeets (Psittaculla krameri). J Appl Anim Res 24:165–168
Newman HS, Piatt JF, White J (1997) Hematological and plasma biochemical reference ranges of Alaskan seabirds: their ecological significance and clinical importance. Colon Waterbirds 20:492–504
Padilla LR, Huyvaert KP, Merkel J et al (2003) Hematology, plasma chemistry, serology, and Chlamydophila status of the waved albatross (Phoebastria irrorata)on the Galapagos Islands. J Zoo Wildl Med 34:278–283
Peinado VI, Polo FG, Viscor G et al (1992) Hematologic and blood chemistry values for several flamingo species. Avian Pathol 21:55–64
Polo FJ, Celdran JF, Peinado VI (1992) Hematological values in four species of birds of prey. The Condor 94:1007–1013
Puerta ML, Huecas V, Garcia DEL et al (1989) Haematology and blood chemistry of the Chilean flamingo. Comp Biochem Physiol 94:623–625
Puls R (1988) Mineral levels in animal health. Diagnostic data. Sherpa International, British Columbia, pp 124–128
Stockham SL, Scott MA (2002) Fundamentals of veterinary clinical pathology, 1st edn. Iowa State Press, Iowa, pp 276–459
Sturkie PD (1986) Body fluids: blood. In: Sturkie PD (ed) Avian physiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 102–120
Tadjalli M, Nazifi S, Said Saedi M (1997) Morphological studies on the blood of healthy native north Iranian green-head ducks. J Fac Vet Med Univ Tehran 51:113–126
Thrall MA (2004) Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry, 1st edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 486–490
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nazifi, S., Nabinejad, A., Sepehrimanesh, M. et al. Haematology and serum biochemistry of golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in Iran. Comp Clin Pathol 17, 197–201 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-008-0720-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-008-0720-8