Abstract
Five clinically healthy Italian saddle horses were used to assess serum electrolyte and protein modification during different workloads. Blood samples were collected from each horse at rest, immediately after each exercise and at 30 and 60 min after the end of exercise. Our results confirm that exercise has variable effects, depending on work intensity, on some electrolytes, total protein and haematocrit. Based on our results, it is possible to affirm that the studied indices could be useful in the assessment of the fitness of sport horses and that it is appropriate to correlate these electrolytic modifications to blood density.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- Hct:
-
haematocrit
References
Bayly WM (2005) Interpreting haematology and clinical chemistry test results from equine athletes. Atti 11° Congresso Nazionale Multisala-SIVE-Pisa, Italy
Bergero D, Assenza A, Caola G (2005) Contribution to our knowledge of the physiology and metabolism of endurance horses. Livest Prod Sci 92:167–176
Carlson GP (1986) Blood chemistry, body fluids and haematology. In: Proceedings of the second international conference on equine exercise physiology, pp 393–425
Carlson GP, Jones JH (1999) Effects of furosamide on electrolyte and acid-base balance during exercise. Equine Vet J Suppl 30:370–374
Carlson GP, Mansmann RA (1974) Serum electrolyte and plasma protein alterations in horses used in endurance riding. J Am Vet Med Assoc 165:262–264
Carlson GP, Ocen PO (1979) Composition of equine sweat following exercise in high environmental temperatures and in response to intravenous epinephrine administration. J Equine Med Surg 3:27
Evans CL (1966) Physiological mechanism that underlie sweating in the horse. Br Vet J 122:117–123
Evans CL, Smith DFG, Weil-Malherbe H (1955) The adrenaline and noradrenaline of venous blood of the horse before and after exercise. J Physiol (Lond) 128:50–1P
Funder J, Wieth JO (1974) Combined effects of digitalis therapy and of plasma bicarbonate on human red cell sodium and potassium. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 34:153–160
Greenleaf JE, Morimoto T (1996) Mechanism controlling fluid ingestion: thirst and drinking. In: Buskirk ER, Puhl SM (eds) Body fluid balance: exercise and sport. CRC, New York, pp 3–17
Harris P, Snow DH (1988) The effect of high intensity exercise on the plasma concentration of lactate, potassium and other electrolyte. Equine Vet J 20:109–113
Harris P, Snow DH (1992) Plasma potassium and lactate concentrations in thoroughbred horse during exercise of varying intensity. Equine Vet J 23:220–225
Harrison MH (1985) Effects on thermal stress and exercise on blood volume in humans. Physiol Rev 65:149–209
Hodgson DR, Rose RJ (1994) The athletic horse. Saunders, Philadelphia
Hyyppa W, Poso RA (1998) Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base responses to exercise in racehorses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 14:121–135
Kaneko JJ (1989) Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, 4th edn. Academic, San Diego, CA
Kerr MG, Snow DH (1983) Composition of sweat of the horse during prolonged epinephrine (adrenaline) infusion, heat exposure, and exercise. Am J Vet Res 44:1571–1577
Kjellmer I (1965) The potassium ion as a vasodilator during muscular exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 63:460–468
Lindinger MI, Geor RJ, Ecker GL, McCutcheon LJ (1995) Plasma volume and ions during exercise in cool, dry; hot, dry; and hot, humid conditions. Equine Vet J Suppl 20:133–139
McKeever KH, Hinchcliff KW (1995) Neuroendocrine control of blood volume, blood pressure, and cardiovascular function in horse. Equine Vet J Suppl 18:77–81
McKeever KH, Hinchcliff KW, Reed SM, Robertson JT (1993a) Role of decreased plasma volume in hematocrit alterations during incremental treadmill exercise in horses. Am J Physiol 265:R404–R408
McKeever KH, Hinchcliff KW, Reed SM, Robertson JT (1993b) Plasma constituents during incremental treadmill exercise in intact and splenectomised horses. Equine Vet J 25:233–236
Medbø JI, Sejersted OM (1990) Plasma potassium changes with high intensity exercise. J Physiol (Lond) 421:105–122
Persson SGB (1967) On blood volume and working capacity. Acta Vet Scand Suppl 19:1–189
Persson SGB, Ulberg LE (1981) Blood volume and rate of growth in Standardbred foals. Equine Vet J 13:254–258
Rose RJ, Hodgson DR (1994) Hematology and biochemistry. In: Hodgson DR, Rose RJ (eds) The athletic horse. Principles and practice of equine sport medicine. Saunders, USA, pp 63–78
Rose RJ, Purdue RA, Hjensley W (1977) Plasma biochemistry alterations during an endurance ride. Equine Vet J 9:122–126
Rose RJ, Arnold KS, Church S, Paris R (1980) Plasma and sweat electrolyte concentrations in the horse during long-distance exercise. Equine Vet J 12:19–22
Saxton DR, Seldin DW (1996) Clinical interpretation of laboratory valves. In: Kokko JP, Tannen RL (eds) Fluids and electrolytes. Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp 3–62
Sjøgaard G, Adams RP, Saltin B (1985) Water and ion shifts in skeletal muscle of humans with intense dynamic knee extension. Am J Physiol 248:R190–R196
Snow DH, Kerr MG, Nimmo MA, Abbott EM (1982) Alterations in blood, sweat, urine and muscle composition during prolonged exercise in the horse. Vet Rec 110:377–384
Soliman MK, Nadim MA (1967) Calcium, sodium and potassium level in serum and sweat of healthy horses after strenuous exercise. Zentralbl Veterinarmed 14:53–56
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Piccione, G., Giannetto, C., Assenza, A. et al. Serum electrolyte and protein modification during different workload in jumper horse. Comp Clin Pathol 16, 103–107 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-007-0667-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-007-0667-1