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In situ response of lung circulating leukocytes to volatile and injectable anesthetics in ponies. Enigma of stimulated pulmonary intravascular macrophages and lymphoproliferation: a comparative ultrastructural, cytochemical and morphometric study

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Abstract

The lipoprotein-rich surface coat of pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) shows acute sensitivity to halothane, isoflurane, as well as to intravenous anesthetics in horse and ponies. A single and/or multiple exposures lead to mobilization of the coat into the endocytic channels of the PIMs. Coupled with this translocation, the Golgi apparatus undergoes expansion and is enriched with acid phosphatase during multiple exposures to halothane as compared to isoflurane and barbiturate-treated animals. In concert with these changes, the PIMs are shaped into dendritic form to interdigitate with large aggregates of activated platelets inside the pulmonary capillaries. These changes are considered relevant to pathogenetic sequelae of an immunological lung injury. The present study was designed to determine the acute response of the surface coat of the PIMs to a separate single exposure of halothane, isoflurane, and xylazine in ponies. Ultrastructural and cytochemical changes in the PIMs were observed in parallel with morphometric evaluation of lymphoproliferation. The surface coat was initially translocated into the vacuolar system of the PIMs followed by exclusive hyperplasia of the Golgi complex and its enrichment with acid phosphatase in the halothane group. Lymphoproliferation was more vigorous in halothane group, which included frequent presence of B cells, plasma cells, agranular T cell blasts, and plasmacytoid-like T cells classified at EM level. Given an active lymphoproliferation and the presence of immune cells in halothane group, it is possible that PIMs triggered an immunological hypersensitivity response, similar to that of Kupffer cells mediating an immunological hepatic injury as a result of biotransformation of halothane into bioactive intermediates.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mrs. Brenda Sun and Mrs. Kanwal Minhas for performing light and electron microscopy, respectively; as well as Ms. Barbara Gaudette and Ms. Kim Best for preparing the manuscript for electronic submission. Also thanks to Mr. David Robinson for preparing the color prints. The research was supported by grants from Natural Scientific and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Onkar S. Atwal

  2. Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada

    Wayne McDonell

  3. Equine Guelph, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada

    Onkar S. Atwal & Wayne McDonell

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Correspondence to Onkar S. Atwal.

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Atwal, O.S., McDonell, W. In situ response of lung circulating leukocytes to volatile and injectable anesthetics in ponies. Enigma of stimulated pulmonary intravascular macrophages and lymphoproliferation: a comparative ultrastructural, cytochemical and morphometric study. Comp Clin Pathol 16, 145–156 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-007-0666-2

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