Abstract
Tropical montane forests are threatened by uncontrolled fire events because of agricultural expansion. Consequently, deforested areas frequently are dominated by the bracken fern, Pteridium spp., for long periods, and forest regeneration is limited. Despite considerable research on bracken-dominated ecosystems, little is known about the relationship between bracken mycorrhizal fungi and tree seedlings. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with terrestrial plants, providing nutrients and protection against pathogens and promoting seedling growth and establishment. Therefore, AMF inoculum have high potential for forest restoration programs. Here, we compare the species diversity of AMF spores, root colonization, and seedling growth of Clusia trochiformis 1 year after the addition of different liquefied root inocula: forest conspecific, forest heterospecific, and from Pteridium rhizomes. Thirteen morphospecies of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were identified on the roots of C. trochiformis, and Glomus spp. were the most abundant in all treatments. No differences were observed in spore species richness and diversity among treatments, but spore density was the highest subsequent to the Pteridium inoculum. There was no significant difference in mycorrhizal root colonization and seedling growth of C. trochiformis among inoculated treatments. We found a positive relation between root colonization and total biomass. This study shows that the AMF communities in bracken areas and forests present similar characteristics and that the bracken fern does not limit AMF inoculum potential, favouring seedling growth of Clusia.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the German Research Foundation — DFG He 3041/23-1. We are grateful to Susana Tichauer for permission to work in her property. We also thank Noé Taboada for his collaboration and facilitation of the greenhouse experiment, and Mariana Villegas for commenting on the manuscript.
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This study was supported by the German Research Foundation — DFG He 3041/23–1.
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Cecilia López and Silvia Gallegos conceived the experimental design. Experiment set-up and data analysis were performed by Cecilia López, Silvia Gallegos and Cesar Mayta. Cecilia López and Cesar Mayta wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Kazuya Naoki, Jorge Quezada, Isabell Hensen and Silvia Gallegos revised the manuscript.
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Appendix 1
Appendix 1
Scheme of the experimental design of the arrangement of seedlings of Clusia trochiformis under different inocula treatments. Five pots of the same treatment were arranged in a line, constituting one group. Groups were disposed randomly, separated by 1 m from each other, to avoid contamination among treatments.
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López, C.L., Mayta, C., Naoki, K. et al. Bracken fern does not diminish arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculum potential in tropical deforested areas. Mycorrhiza 32, 123–131 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-021-01057-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-021-01057-y