Abstract
Previous studies have shown changes to the frequencies of hyphal coils and other fungal structures in leafy liverwort tissues across latitudinal transects through Antarctica. Although suggestive of a role of temperature in determining the frequencies of fungal structures, these studies could not exclude the possibility that other factors which alter at lower latitudes—notably liquid water availability—were responsible for the observed patterns of fungal colonisation. Here, in a field experiment in maritime Antarctica, the effects of warming with open top chambers (OTCs) on the frequencies of fungal structures in the leafy liverwort Cephaloziella varians were determined. At five samplings of the experiment taking place 5–10 years after its deployment, OTCs, which increased the summertime temperature of C. varians mats by 1.1 °C, but had no measurable effects on mat moisture concentration, were found to double the frequencies of fine hyphal coils in liverwort tissues. Over the duration of the experiment, the OTCs also significantly increased the frequency of rhizoids on C. varians stems, but had no effects on the frequencies of coarse hyphal coils, dark septate hyphae, hyaline septate hyphae, or hyphal colonisation of rhizoids. Given that C. varians can be recovered from frozen peatbank cores, it is proposed that the abundance of fine hyphal coils in its tissues might be used as a signal of recent climate warming on the Antarctic Peninsula.
Availability of data and material
Raw data have been deposited in the UK Polar Data Centre (see https://doi.org/10.5285/0502FE87-6A41-4529-B6C0-A9E5C30AADCB). Dried C. varians specimens have been deposited in the British Antarctic Survey herbarium (AAS) in the Newsham, K. K. collection (nos. 00284–00342; see https://data.bas.ac.uk/metadata.php?id=GB/NERC/BAS/AEDC/00023).
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Acknowledgements
Dickie Hall, Matthew Von Tersch, Sharon Duggan, Alison Massey, and Simon Rouen provided valuable field assistance. Steve Roberts and Dom Hodgson supplied literature. Two anonymous reviewers made helpful comments on the submission. All are gratefully acknowledged.
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This research was funded by the British Antarctic Survey Long Term Monitoring programme.
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Newsham, K.K. Fine hyphal coils in the liverwort Cephaloziella varians increase in frequency in response to experimental warming in maritime Antarctica. Mycorrhiza 31, 519–525 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-021-01037-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-021-01037-2