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Seasonal shifts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Cocos nucifera roots in Yucatan, Mexico

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Abstract

The diversity and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with coconut (Cocos nucifera) roots was evaluated by next generation sequencing (NGS) using partial sequences of the 18S rDNA gene and by spore isolation and morphological identification from rhizosphere soil. Root samples from six different Green Dwarf coconut plantations and from one organic plantation surrounded by tropical dry forest along the coastal sand dunes in Yucatan, Mexico, were collected during the rainy and dry seasons. In total, 14 root samples were sequenced with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Additionally, soil samples from the dry season were collected to identify AMF glomerospores. Based on a 95–97% similarity, a total of 36 virtual taxa (VT) belonging to nine genera were identified including one new genus-like clade. Glomus was the most abundant genus, both in number of VT and sequences. The comparison of dry and rainy season samples revealed differences in the richness and composition of AMF communities colonizing coconut roots. Our study shows that the main AMF genera associated with coconut tree roots in all samples were Glomus, Sclerocystis, Rhizophagus, Redeckera, and Diversispora. Based on glomerospore morphology, 22 morphospecies were recorded among which 14 were identified to species. Sclerocystis sinuosa, Sclerocystis rubiformis, Glomus microaggregatum, and Acaulospora scrobiculata were dominant in field rhizosphere samples. This is the first assessment of the composition of AMF communities colonizing coconut roots in rainy and dry seasons. It is of importance for selection of AMF species to investigate for their potential application in sustainable agriculture of coconut.

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Acknowledgments

We are in a great debt to Juan Humberto Coronado Navarro for providing logistic support and collecting in the field.

Funding

LALP wishes to thank the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico, for its financial support through a postdoctoral scholarship. This work was partially supported by FORDECYT 296195 and used infrastructure acquired through funding of the project CONACYT 269833.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Luis A. Lara-Pérez, Iván Córdova-Lara, Aileen O’Connor-Sánchez & Luis Sáenz-Carbonell

  2. Instituto Tecnológico de la Zona Maya, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Carretera Chetumal-Escárcega km 21.5, C.P. 77965, Ejido Juan Sarabia, Quintana Roo, Mexico

    Luis A. Lara-Pérez & Iván Oros-Ortega

  3. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Héctor Estrada-Medina

  4. CONACYT-Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Elsa Góngora-Castillo

Authors
  1. Luis A. Lara-Pérez
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  2. Iván Oros-Ortega
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  3. Iván Córdova-Lara
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  4. Héctor Estrada-Medina
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  5. Aileen O’Connor-Sánchez
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  6. Elsa Góngora-Castillo
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  7. Luis Sáenz-Carbonell
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Contributions

LALP and LS designed and conducted the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. I O-O conducted the statistical analysis and edited the manuscript. I C-L conducted experiments, H E-M conducted the soil analysis, analyzed the data, and edited the manuscript. A O-S and E G-C analyzed the data and edited the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luis Sáenz-Carbonell.

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Figure 1S

Rarefaction curves showing the richness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi virtual taxa (VT) based on a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree and numbers of reads found in coconut roots in representative growing areas of Yucatan. (JPG 278 kb)

Figure 2S

Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination based on Bray-Curtis distances of AM fungal communities associated with coconut roots in rainy and dry seasons. (JPG 160 kb)

Figure 3S

Glomerospores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the rhizosphere of Cocos nucifera in Yucatan Mexico. A) Sclerocystis rubiformis, B) Sclerocystis aff taiwanensis C) Sclerocystis sinuosa, D) Acaulospora rehmii, E) Glomus geosporum, F) Ambispora sp. G) Acaulospora scrobiculata, H) Glomus glomerolatum, I) Funneliformis sp. J) Claroideoglomus sp., K) Glomus microaggregatum, L) Gigaspora aff. Gigantea, M) Septoglomus constrictum N) Dominikia aureum, O) Racocetra aff. Gregaria. Bar = 50 μm (JPG 21910 kb)

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Lara-Pérez, L.A., Oros-Ortega, I., Córdova-Lara, I. et al. Seasonal shifts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Cocos nucifera roots in Yucatan, Mexico. Mycorrhiza 30, 269–283 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-00944-0

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