Abstract
Long-term maintenance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) by in vitro or in vivo subcultivation is often expensive and time-consuming and could present the risk of contaminations and possibly morphological, physiological, and genetic variations over time. Recently, in vitro produced AMF isolates belonging to the genus Rhizophagus were successfully cryopreserved at −130 °C following encapsulation-drying. Here, this method was tested on 12 single species cultures belonging to six different genera (i.e., Rhizophagus, Glomus, Claroideoglomus, Septoglomus, Paraglomus, and Gigaspora) produced in vitro or in vivo. Their viability was estimated, after 1 month of cryopreservation at −130 °C, by the percentage of potentially infective beads (i.e., the percentage of beads that contained at least one germinated propagule) for the in vitro produced species and the percentage of infective beads (i.e., the percentage of beads that contained at least one propagule able to colonize a new host plant in pot culture) for the in vivo produced species. With the exception of Gigaspora sp. MUCL 52331 and Septoglomus constrictus PER 7.2, no significant differences were observed in the viability of the single species cultures before and after cryopreservation. These results, thus, demonstrated the suitability of the cryopreservation method by encapsulation-drying for AMF species belonging to different genera and produced in vitro or in vivo. This method opens the door to the long-term preservation at ultra-low temperature of a large number of AMF species and for the preservation of species that are still recalcitrant to in vitro cultivation.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program FP7/2007–2013 under grant agreement no. 227522, entitled “Valorizing Andean microbial diversity through sustainable intensification of potato-based farming systems.” The authors wish to thank Valentine Potten, Ph.D., student at the Université catholique de Louvain (Belgium), for the isolation of the in vivo produced AMF species and Dr. Christopher Walker from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (UK) and Carolina Senés from the University of Munich (Germany) for the taxonomic and molecular identification, respectively, of the in vivo produced species.
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Lalaymia, I., Declerck, S., Naveau, F. et al. Cryopreservation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from root organ and plant cultures. Mycorrhiza 24, 233–237 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0525-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0525-8