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The reduced mycorrhizal colonisation (rmc) mutation of tomato disrupts five gene sequences including the CYCLOPS/IPD3 homologue

Mycorrhiza volume 23, pages 573–584 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis in vascular plant roots is an ancient mutualistic interaction that evolved with land plants. More recently evolved root mutualisms have recruited components of the AM signalling pathway as identified with molecular approaches in model legume research. Earlier we reported that the reduced mycorrhizal colonisation (rmc) mutation of tomato mapped to chromosome 8. Here we report additional functional characterisation of the rmc mutation using genotype grafts and proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. Our results led to identification of the precise genome location of the Rmc locus from which we identified the mutation by sequencing. The rmc phenotype results from a deletion that disrupts five predicted gene sequences, one of which has close sequence match to the CYCLOPS/IPD3 gene identified in legumes as an essential intracellular regulator of both AM and rhizobial symbioses. Identification of two other genes not located at the rmc locus but with altered expression in the rmc genotype is also described. Possible roles of the other four disrupted genes in the deleted region are discussed. Our results support the identification of CYCLOPS/IPD3 in legumes and rice as a key gene required for AM symbiosis. The extensive characterisation of rmc in comparison with its ‘parent’ 76R, which has a normal mycorrhizal phenotype, has validated these lines as an important comparative model for glasshouse and field studies of AM and non-mycorrhizal plants with respect to plant competition and microbial interactions with vascular plant roots.

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Acknowledgments

We thank S Timonen and EJ Szymkowiak for their detailed advice on methods. Funding for this research initially was provided by The Australian Research Council Discovery Grants Scheme (SES, SJB and FAS; Grant #DP0342496). DPS and LEJ thank the USA National Science Foundation for Grant #0723775 that funded this work.

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Affiliations

  1. School of Plant Biology M090, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia

    Nicholas J. Larkan, Tamara Edmonds-Tibbett & Susan J. Barker

  2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N0X2, Canada

    Nicholas J. Larkan & Jonathan M. H. Durkin

  3. Donald Danforth Plant Science Centre, 975 N Warson Rd, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA

    Dan R. Ruzicka & Daniel P. Schachtman

  4. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, England

    Tamara Edmonds-Tibbett

  5. Department of Land Air Water Resources, University of California—Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Louise E. Jackson

  6. Soils Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia

    F. Andrew Smith & Sally E. Smith

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  1. Nicholas J. Larkan
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Larkan, N.J., Ruzicka, D.R., Edmonds-Tibbett, T. et al. The reduced mycorrhizal colonisation (rmc) mutation of tomato disrupts five gene sequences including the CYCLOPS/IPD3 homologue. Mycorrhiza 23, 573–584 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0498-7

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Keywords

  • Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
  • Solanum lycopersicum
  • Fast neutron mutagenesis
  • Common Sym pathway
  • The Tomato Genome Consortium