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The potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in protecting endangered plants and habitats

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Abstract

Ecosystems worldwide are threatened with the extinction of plants and, at the same time, invasion by new species. Plant invasiveness and loss of species can be caused by similar but opposing pressures on the community structures. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can have multiple positive effects on plant growth, productivity, health, and stress relief. Many endangered species live in symbiosis with AMF. However, the list of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) indicates that the mycorrhizal status of most of the threatened species has not been assessed. Rare plants often occur in specialized and also endangered habitats and might utilize specialized or unique AMF. The specificity of any endangered plant to its AMF population has not been investigated. Because most of the current AMF isolates that are available colonize a broad range of plant species, selected inocula could be used to promote growth of endangered plants before the proper and more effective indigenous AMF are characterized. Application of AMF in field sites to protect endangered plants is hardly feasible due to the complexity of plant community structures and the large amount of fungal inocula needed. Endangered plants could, however, be grown as greenhouse cultures together with appropriate fungi, and, at the relevant developmental stage, they could be re-planted into native sites to prevent extinction and to preserve plant community ecology.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to Dr. M. Geoffrey Yates, Lewes, Sussex, Professor Douglas Zook, Boston University, USA, and reviewers for helpful comments and for improving the English of the manuscript. MR acknowledges the support of the Slovenian research program ARRS P1-0212 “Biology of Plants”. KT was supported by project 197/N-COST/2008/0 financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Meetings of several COST Actions: 838, 856, 859, and 870 gave valuable inputs for this review.

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  1. Biology Department, Botany, The University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany

    Hermann Bothe

  2. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, PL-30-387, Kraków, Poland

    Katarzyna Turnau

  3. Department of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Marjana Regvar

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  1. Hermann Bothe
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Correspondence to Hermann Bothe.

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Bothe, H., Turnau, K. & Regvar, M. The potential role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in protecting endangered plants and habitats. Mycorrhiza 20, 445–457 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-010-0332-4

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