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Management of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia undergoing general anesthesia: a cohort from a single academic center’s experience

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Abstract

Purpose

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by capillary malformation leading to multisite cutaneomucosal telangiectasias and multiorgan arteriovenous malformations, which can present challenges to anesthetic care. The primary aim of this report is to present a large cohort of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia undergoing general anesthesia at our institution in regard to comorbid conditions and complications of surgical and anesthetic management.

Methods

A computerized search from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2011 of the Mayo Clinic medical records database was performed for patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia who underwent general anesthesia. Medical records were reviewed. Eligibility criteria included patients with definite or suspected hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia based on the Curacao diagnostic criteria who underwent general anesthesia during the study period.

Results

We identified 74 patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia who underwent 163 surgeries. The majority had pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (56.7 %) and iron deficiency anemia (64.7 %), and high levels of disease burden with a median American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical Status score of 3. Most surgeries were related to treating conditions associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, with the majority being procedures to the nasal mucosa for recurrent epistaxis (47.2 %). A sizeable proportion of procedures to the nasal mucosa required transfusion of blood (12/77). One case of epistaxis required 11 units of blood until it was successfully controlled. Another notable complication included migration of a coil to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations into the cerebral circulation.

Conclusion

Surgical patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia often present with multiorgan involvement. The anesthesia provider needs to be aware of the high prevalence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, which may be asymptomatic but can lead to embolic complications. Hemorrhage from epistaxis can be severe, and relatively focal procedures to the nasal mucosa can require blood transfusions.

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by the Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, and NIH/NCRR CTSA Grant Numbers UL1 RR024150 and KL2 RR024151. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.

Conflict of interest

Toby N. Weingarten, M.D., Jeffrey W. Hanson, Kissinger O. Anusionwu, Mandi L. Moncrief, Todd J. Opdahl, Danelle D. Schneider, and Juraj Sprung, M.D., declare they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Toby N. Weingarten, Jeffrey W. Hanson, Kissinger O. Anusionwu, Mandi L. Moncrief, Todd J. Opdahl, Danelle D. Schneider & Juraj Sprung

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  1. Toby N. Weingarten
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Correspondence to Toby N. Weingarten.

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Weingarten, T.N., Hanson, J.W., Anusionwu, K.O. et al. Management of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia undergoing general anesthesia: a cohort from a single academic center’s experience. J Anesth 27, 705–711 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-013-1601-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-013-1601-0

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