References
Kehlet H, Dahl JB. The value of “multimodal” or “balanced analgesia” in postoperative pain treatment. Anesth Analg. 1993;77:1048–56.
Inoue S, Hiruta M, Kawakami T, Hiruta A, Hirabayashi Y, Seo N. Epidural single injection of the combination of 0.25% bupivacaine and buprenorphine reduced the request of patient-controlled epidural analgesia during early postoperative period (in Japanese). Pein Kurinikku Pain Clinic. 2004;25:339–43.
Inoue S, Mitsuhata H, Kawakami T, Shimohata K, Hirabayashi Y, Seo N. Addition of 0.1% bupivacaine to buprenorphine and droperidol in patient-controlled epidural analgesia improved postoperative pain scores on coughing after gynecological surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2005;17:167–71.
Inoue S, Hirabayashi Y, Shimohata K, Akazawa S, Shimizu R. Rectal diclofenac reduced the drug consumption in the patient-controlled epidural analgesia after gynecological surgery. Anesthesiology. 1999;91:A936.
Inoue S, Hiruta M, Suzuki H, Seo N. Antiemetic effect of simultaneous epidural administration of droperidol during patient-controlled analgesia. Anesthesiology. 2000;93:A942.
Wu CL. Acute postoperative pain. In: Miller RD, editor. Miller’s Anesthesia. Sixth edition ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005. p. 2729–62.
Boudreault D, Brasseur L, Samii K, Lemoing JP. Comparison of continuous epidural bupivacaine infusion plus either continuous epidural infusion or patient-controlled epidural injection of fentanyl for postoperative analgesia. Anesth Analg. 1991;73:132–7.
Marlowe S, Engstrom R, White PF. Epidural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA): an alternative to continuous epidural infusions. Pain. 1989;37:97–101.
Inoue S, Kawakami T, Seo N. Comparison of the concentration of morphine for patient-controlled epidural analgesia following gynecological surgery. Minerva Anestesiol. 2009;75:498–503.
Liu SS, Wu CL. The effect of analgesic technique on postoperative patient-reported outcomes including analgesia: a systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2007;105:789–808.
Liu SS, Wu CL. Effect of postoperative analgesia on major postoperative complications: a systematic update of the evidence. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:689–702.
Joshi GP, Bonnet F, Shah R, Wilkinson RC, Camu F, Fischer B, Neugebauer EAM, Rawal N, Schug SA, Simanski C, Kehlet H. A systemic review of randomized trials evaluating regional techniques for postthoracotomy analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2008;107:1026–40.
McDonnell JG, Curley G, Carney J, Benton A, Costello J, Maharaj CH, Laffey JG. The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2008;106:186–91.
Carney J, McDonnell JG, Ochana A, Bhinder R, Laffey JG. The transversus abdominis plane block provides effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth Analg. 2008;107:2056–60.
McDonnell JG, O’Donnell B, Curley G, Heffernan A, Power C, Laffey JG. The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 2007;104:193–7.
Fanelli G, Berti M, Baciarello M. Updating postoperative pain management: from multimodal to context-sensitive treatment. Minerva Anestesiol. 2008;74:489–500.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Inoue, S. Postoperative analgesia. J Anesth 24, 333–336 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-010-0920-7
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00540-010-0920-7