Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Petrogenesis and geochemistry of the successive granitic events in the eastern Arabian Shield: implications for tectonic evolution and crustal thickening

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

There is ongoing debate around the origin of successive granitic magmatic events in transitional stages from compressional to extensional tectonic settings in orogens. In the eastern part of the Arabian Shield, the late Cryogenian–Ediacaran magmatism of the transitional stage contributed to the growth of the Ad-Dawadmi terrane. The late Neoproterozoic Abt schist Formation, which is found throughout the Ad-Dawadmi terrane, is intruded by batholiths of the Najirah granitoids (~ 641 Ma) followed by the Khurs granite of the Ar Ruwaydah Suite (~ 612 Ma). A switch in geodynamic regime from post-collision to intra-plate extension was attended by the Hadbet Tayma alkali granites. This study utilizes petrology and whole-rock geochemistry to decipher the genesis of these three granitic intrusive events. The Najirah granitoids are metaluminous, late-orogenic, I-type granitoids generated from magma derived by partial melting of lower crustal mafic rocks. The younger Khurs granite of the Ar Ruwaydah suite reflects a post-orogenic setting and has predominantly peraluminous nature with S-type granite characteristics, supporting an origin by partial melting of the metagraywacke crust. A final anorogenic magmatic event produced a suite of A-type (A2-subtype) alkaline granites of Hadbet Tayma, which formed after the termination of the accretion and microplate amalgamation phase of the northern East African Orogeny (EAO). These three successive magmatic events provide evidence for a range of magmatic sources in the thickened crust of the eastern Arabian Shield, reflecting its tectonic evolution over time.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available as Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02350-1. The corresponding author will provide the data upon reasonable request.

References

  • Abdelsalam MG, Stern RJ (1996) Sutures and shear zones in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. J Afr Earth Sc 23(3):289–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali KA, Wilde SA, Stern RJ, Moghazi AKM, Ameen SM (2013) Hf isotopic composition of single zircons from Neoproterozoic arc volcanics and post-collision granites, Eastern Desert of Egypt: implications for crustal growth and recycling in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Precambr Res 239:42–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Saleh AM, Boyle AP, Mussett AE (1998) Metamorphism and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Halaban ophiolite and associated units; evidence for two-stage orogenesis in the eastern Arabian-Shield. J Geol Soc Lond 155:165–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Altherr R, Holl A, Hegner E, Ernst H, Carola L, Hans K (2000) High potassium, calcalkaline I-type plutonism in the European Variscides: northern Vosges (France) and northern Schwarzwald (Germany). Lithos 50(1–3):51–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson IC, Frost CD, Frost BR (2003) Petrogenesis of the Red Mountain pluton, Laramie anorthosite complex, Wyoming: implications for the origin of A-type granite. Precambr Res 124(2–4):243–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atherton MP, Petford N (1996) Plutonism and the growth of Andean crust at 9 S from 100 to 3 Ma. J S Am Earth Sci 9(1–2):1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avigad D, Gvirtzman Z (2009) Late Neoproterozoic rise and fall of the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield: the role of lithospheric mantle delamination and subsequent thermal subsidence. Tectonophysics 477(3–4):217–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batchelor RA, Bowden P (1985) Petrogenetic interpretation of granitoid rock series using multicationic parameters. Chem Geol 48(1–4):43–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Be’eri-ShlevinKatzirWhitehouse YYM (2009) Post-collisional tectonomagmatic evolution in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield: time constraints from ion-probe U-Pb dating of zircon. J Geol Soc 166(1):71–85

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentor YK (1985) The crustal evolution of the Arabo-Nubian Massif with special reference to the Sinai Peninsula. Precambr Res 28(1):1–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broska I, Williams CT, Uher P, Konečný P, Leichmann J (2004) The geochemistry of phosphorus in different granite suites of the Western Carpathians, Slovakia: the role of apatite and P-bearing feldspar. Chem Geol 205(1–2):1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chappell BW (1999) Aluminum saturation in I-and S-type granites and the characterization of fractionated haplogranites. Lithos 46(3):535–551

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chappell BW, White AJR (1992) I- and S-type granites in the Lachlan Fold Belt. Trans R Soc Edinb Earth Sci 83:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Chappell BW, White AJ (2001) Two contrasting granite types: 25 years later. Aust J Earth Sci 48(4):489–499

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chappell BW, Bryant CJ, Wyborn D (2012) Peraluminous I-type granites. Lithos 153:142–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clemens JD, Stevens G, Farina F (2011) The enigmatic sources of I-type granites: the peritectic connexion. Lithos 126(3–4):174–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Condie KC (1973) Archean magmatism and crustal thickening. Geol Soc Am Bull 84(9):2981–2992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Condie KC (1993) Chemical composition and evolution of the upper continental crust: contrasting results from surface samples and shales. Chem Geol 104(1–4):1–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox GM (2009) Jebel Tays ophiolitic thrust sheet, Saudi Arabia: tectonic setting, petrogenesis and geochronological framework (Doctoral dissertation)

  • Cox GM, Lewis CJ, Collins AS, Halverson GP, Jourdan F, Foden J, Nettle D, Kattan F (2012) Ediacaran terrane accretion within the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Gondwana Res 21(2–3):341–352

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De La Roche H, Leterrier J, Grandclaude P, Marshal M (1980) A classification of volcanic and plutonic rocks using R1R2-diagram and major element analyses—its relationships with current nomenclature. Chem Geol 29:183–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Debon F, Le Fort P (1983) A chemical-mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations. Trans R Soc Edinb Earth Sci 73:135–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delfour J (1979) Geologic map of the Halaban Quadrangle, Sheet 23G, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (with topographic base): Saudi Arabian Directorate General of Mineral Resources, Geologic Map GM 46A, scale 1:250,000, p 32

  • Delfour J, Dhellemmes R, Elsass P, Vaslet D, Brosse J, Le Nindre Y, Dottin O (1982) Geologic map of the Ad-Dawadmi quadrangle, sheet 24 G, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry of Mineral Resources, Geoscience Map GM-60A, scale 1:250,000

  • Doebrich JL, Al-Jehani AM, Siddiqui AA, Hayes TS, Saleh Y, Wooden JL, Johnson PR, Kattan FH, Shaikan B, Basahel M, Zahran H, Al-Shammari A (2007) Geology and metallogeny of the Ar Rayn terrane, eastern Arabain shield. Evolution of a Neoproterozoic continental-margin arc during assembly of Gondwana within the East African Orogen. Precambr Res 158:17–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eby GN (1992) Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: petrogenetic and tectonic implications. Geology 20(7):641–644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Bialy MZ, Streck MJ (2009) Late Neoproterozoic alkaline magmatism in the Arabian-Nubian Shield: the postcollisional A-type granite of Sahara-Umm Adawi pluton, Sinai, Egypt. Arab J Geosci 2(2):151–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eliwa HA, Breitkreuz C, Murata M, Khalaf IM, Bühler B, Itaya T, Takahashi T, Hirahara Y, Miyazaki T, Kimura JI, Shibata T (2014) SIMS zircon U-Pb and mica K–Ar geochronology, and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry of Neoproterozoic granitoids and their bearing on the evolution of the north Eastern Desert, Egypt. Gondwana Res 25(4):1570–1598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elsass P (1981) Geology and mineralization of the Ar Ridaniyah area, Saudi Arabian Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources Open-File Report BRGM OF-01-19, p 39, 6 figs., 4 tables, 35 apps

  • Farahat ES, Mohamed HA, Ahmed AF, El Mahallawi MM (2007) Origin of I- and A-type granitoids from the Eastern Desert of Egypt: implications for crustal growth in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield. J Afr Earth Sc 49:43–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farahat ES, Zaki R, Hauzenberger C, Sami M (2011) Neoproterozoic calc-alkaline peraluminous granitoids of the Deleihimmi pluton, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt: implications for transition from late-to post-collisional tectonomagmatic evolution in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield. Geol J 46(6):544–560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flowerdew MJ, Tyrrell S, Boger SD, Fitzsimons ICW, Harley SL, Mikhalsky EV, Vaughan APM (2013) Pb isotopic domains from the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica: implications for past Antarctica-India connections. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 383(1):59–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fritz H, Abdelsalam M, Ali KA, Bingen B, Collins AS, Fowler AR, Ghebreab W, Hauzenberger CA, Johnson PR, Kusky TM, Macey P (2013) Orogen styles in the East African Orogen: a review of the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian tectonic evolution. J Afr Earth Sci 86:65–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frost CD, Frost BR (2011) On ferroan (A-type) granitoids: their compositional variability and modes of origin. J Pet 52(1):39–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frost BR, Barnes CG, Collins WJ, Arculus RJ, Ellis DJ, Frost CD (2001) A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. J Petrol 42(11):2033–2048. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/42.11.2033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hassan IS, Dessouky OK, El Akeed IA, Hassan MM (2022) Petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of late Pan-African granitiods in the El Regita area, Central Southern Sinai, Egypt: with a synopsis about Th–U distribution and Cu mineralization. J Afr Earth Sci 185:104391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irvine TN, Baragar WRA (1971) A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Can J Earth Sci 8:523–548

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson PR (2005) Proterozoic geology of western Saudi Arabia, northeastern sheet: Saudi Geological Survey Open-File Report SGS-OF-2005–2, p 39

  • Johnson PR (2006) Explanatory notes to the map of Proterozoic geology of western Saudi Arabia: Saudi Geological Survey Technical Report SGS-TR-2006–4, p 62

  • Johnson PR, Andresen A, Collins AS, Fowler AR, Fritz H, Ghebreab W, Kusky T, Stern RJ (2011) Late Cryogenian-Ediacaran history of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: a review of depositional, plutonic, structural, and tectonic events in the closing stages of the northern East African Orogen. J Afr Earth Sci 61(3):167–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kärenlampi K, Heinonen JS, Kontinen A, Hanski E, Huhma H (2021) Geochemical and thermodynamic modeling of the petrogenesis of A1-type granites and associated intermediate rocks: A case study from the central Fennoscandian Shield. Geochemistry 81(2):125734

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kay SM, Godoy E, Kurtz A (2005) Episodic arc migration, crustal thickening, subduction erosion, and magmatism in the south-central Andes. Geol Soc Am Bull 117(1–2):67–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy A, Johnson PR, Kattan FH (2005) SHRIMP geochronology in the Northern Arabian Shield. Part II. Data Acquisition 2004) Saudi Geological Survey Open-File Report SGS-OF-2005-10

  • Kennedy A, Kozdroj W, Johnson PR, Kattan FH (2011) SHRIMP geochronology in the northern Arabian-Shield: Part III. Data acquisition 2006: Saudi Geological Survey Open-File Report SGS-OF-2007-9

  • Khudier AA, Paquette J-L, Nicholson K, Johansson Å, Rooney TO, Sadiq H, El-Fadly MA, Corcoran L, Malone SJ, Abu El-Rus MA (2021) On the cratonization of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: Constraints from gneissic granitoids in south Eastern Desert, Egypt. Geosci Front 12(4):101148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101148. (hal-03158652)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lami ANM, Osama MKK, Al Bassam AMM (2020) Finite strain analysis for deformed Neoproterozoic rock associations of the Al Amar fault zone, Eastern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia. Arab J Geosci 13:272–288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Maitre RW (1989) A classification of igneous rocks and glossary of terms: recommendations of the international union of geological sciences subcommission on the systematics of igneous rocks. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 193

  • Li XH, Li ZX, Li WX, Liu Y, Yuan C, Wei G, Qi C (2007) U-Pb zircon, geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic constraints on age and origin of Jurassic I-and A-type granites from central Guangdong, SE China: a major igneous event in response to foundering of a subducted flat-slab? Lithos 96(1–2):186–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • London D, Wolf MB, Morgan GB, Garrido MG (1999) Experimental silicate–phosphate equilibria in peraluminous granitic magmas, with a case study of the Alburquerque batholith at Tres Arroyos, Badajoz, Spain. J Pet 40(1):215–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundmark AM, Andresen A, Hassan MA, Augland LE, Boghdady GY (2012) Repeated magmatic pulses in the East African Orogen in the Eastern Desert, Egypt: an old idea supported by new evidence. Gondwana Res 22(1):227–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maniar PD, Piccoli PM (1989) Tectonic discrimination of granitoids. Geol Soc Am Bull 101:635–643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moghazi A, Hassanen M, Mohamed F, Ali S (2004) Late Neoproterozoic strongly peraluminous leucogranites, South Eastern Desert, Egypt—petrogenesis and geodynamic significance. Mineral Pet 81:19–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-003-0021-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nabelek PI, Russ-Nabelek C, Denison JR (1992) The generation and crystallization conditions of the Proterozoic Harney Peak Leucogranite, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA: petrologic and geochemical constraints. Contrib Miner Pet 110:173–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nawab ZA (1978) Evolution of the Al’Amar-Idsas Region of the Arabian Shield; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Digitized Theses. University of Western Ontario, p 173

    Google Scholar 

  • Obiora SC, Ukaegbu VU (2010) Preliminary investigation of the petrogenesis and geotectonic setting of the Precambrian Basement. J Min Geol 46(2):127–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Patchett PJ, Chase CG (2002) Role of transform continental margins in major crustal growth episodes. Geology 30:39–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PatiñoDouce AE (1999) What do experiments tell us about the relative contributions of crust and mantle to the origin of granitic magmas? Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 168(1):55–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PatiñoDouce AE, Harris N (1998) Experimental constraints on Himalayan anatexis. J Pet 39:689–710

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PatiñoDouce AE, Johnston AD (1991) Phase equilibria and melt productivity in the pelitic system: implications for the origin of peraluminous granitoids and aluminous granulites. Contrib Miner Pet 107(2):202–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce JA (1996) Sources and settings of granitic rocks. Episodes J Int Geosci 19(4):120–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce JA, Harris NW, Tindle AG (1984) Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J Pet 25:956–983

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitcher WS (1983) Granite type and tectonic environment. In: Hsu K (ed) Mountain building processes. Academic Press, London, pp 19–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinn HA (1964) Ad-Dawadmi basin, a body of basic intrusive igneous rocks of possible economic importance, Ad-Dawadmi area, province of Najd, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabian Directorate General of Mineral Resources. Open-File Report 241, p 25, 4 ills

  • Rajesh HM (2007) The petrogenetic characterization of intermediate and silicic charnockites in high-grade terrains: a case study from southern India. Contrib Miner Petrol 154(5):591–606

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rickwood PC (1989) Boundary lines within petrologic diagrams, which use oxides of major and minor elements. Lithos 22:247–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson FA, Foden JD, Collins AS (2015) Zircon geochemical and geochronological constraints on contaminated and enriched mantle sources beneath the Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia. J Geol 123:463–489

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer EW, Cesare B, Brown M (2011) When the continental crust melts. Elements 7(4):229–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scaillet B, Holtz F, Pichavant M (2016) Experimental constraints on the formation of silicic magmas. Elements 12(2):109–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stacey JS, Stoeser DB, Greenwood WR, Fischer LB (1984) U-Pb zircon geochronology and geologic evaluation of the Halaban-Al’Amar region of the eastern Arabian Shield. J Geoll Soc Lond 141:1043–1055

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stern RJ (1994) Arc assembly and continental collision in the Neoproterozoic East African Orogen: implications for the consolidation of Gondwanaland. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 22:319–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stern RJ, Hedge CE (1985) Geochronologic and isotopic constraints on Late Precambrian crustal evolution in the Eastern Desert, Egypt. Am J Sci 285:97–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stern RJ, Johnson PR, Kröner A, Yibas B (2004) Neoproterozoic ophiolites of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. In: Kusky TM (ed) Precambrian ophiolites and related rocks. Developments in Precambrian geology 13. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 95–128

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens G, Villaros A, Moyen JF (2007) Selective peritectic garnet entrainment as the origin of geochemical diversity in S-type granites. Geology 35(1):9–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stoeser DB, Camp VE (1985) Pan-African microplate accretion of the Arabian Shield. Geol Soc Am Bull 96:817–826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun SS, Mcdonough WS (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 42:313–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sylvester PJ (1998) Post-collisional strongly peraluminous granites. Lithos 45(1–4):29–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tuttle OF, Bowen NL (1958) Origin of granite in the light of experimental studies in the system NaAlSi3O8-KAlSi3O8-SiO2-H2O. Geol Soc Am, Memoir 74, pp 153

  • Twitchell KS (1932) Samrah ancient mine, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia, Ministry of Finance, Open-File Report, p 2

  • Whalen JB, Currie KL (1990) The Topsails Igneous Suite, western Newfoundland; fractionation and magma mixing in an “orogenic” A-type granite suite Magmatic and Hydrothermal Processes in Ore-Bearing Systems. Geolo Soc Am Spec Paper 246:287–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Whalen JB, Currie KL, Chappell BW (1987) A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contrib Mineral Petrol 95:407–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White AJR, Chappell BW (1988) Some supracrustal (S-type) granites of the Lachlan Fold Belt. Earth Environ Sci Trans R Soc Edinb 79(2–3):169–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu FY, Jahn BM, Wilde SA, Lo CH, Yui TF, Lin Q, Ge WC, Sun DY (2003) Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China (I): geochronology and petrogenesis. Lithos 66(3–4):241–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang CL, Zou HB, Wang HY, Li HK, Ye HM (2012) Multiple phases of the Neoproterozoic igneous activity in Quruqtagh of the northeastern Tarim Block, NW China: interaction between plate subduction and mantle plume? Precambrian Res 222–223:488–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/jprecamres.2011.08.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Z, Campbell IH, Allen CM, Burnham AD (2020) S-type granites: their origin and distribution through time as determined from detrital zircons. Earth Planet Sci Lett 536:116140

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Professor Ulrich Riller for his very helpful editorial comments. The topic editor, Alexander Cruden, provided helpful feedback on our article, which the authors much appreciate. The constructive reviews by Professors Jakub Trubač and Mohamed Ali Abu El-Rus were very useful for significant improvements to our manuscript. Thanks to the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS) and its president, Abdullah Al-Shamrani, for supporting the fieldwork and the geochemical analyses. We express our gratitude to the SGS Geological Mapping Unit and its previous Head, Dr. Wadee Kashkari. Professor Mahrous Abu El-Enen deserves special recognition for his collaborative fieldwork and useful discussions. For improving the writing, Prof. Abdel-Rahman Fowler deserves special recognition.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt

    Mahmoud M. Hassan

  2. Nuclear Materials Authority of Egypt, El Maadi, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt

    Osama K. Dessouky

  3. Saudi Geological Survey, P.O Box: 54141, 21514, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah M. Al Shammari, Adeeb N. Al Barakati & Abdullah N. Memish

Authors
  1. Mahmoud M. Hassan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Osama K. Dessouky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abdullah M. Al Shammari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Adeeb N. Al Barakati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Abdullah N. Memish
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahmoud M. Hassan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (XLSX 26 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hassan, M.M., Dessouky, O.K., Al Shammari, A.M. et al. Petrogenesis and geochemistry of the successive granitic events in the eastern Arabian Shield: implications for tectonic evolution and crustal thickening. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 112, 2145–2160 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02350-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02350-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation