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Contrasting fluoride contents in mountain rivers of the Andean foreland of Argentina: the influence of A-type peraluminous granites

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Abstract

Water–rock interactions are one of the main factors that control water quality in rivers worldwide. Hydro-geochemical analyses from mountain rivers of the North of the Sierra de Velasco (Argentina), in combination with petrological studies of the granitic rocks, suggest that A-type plutons are one of the main fluorine suppliers in surface waters that drain these granitic terrains. In the rivers of the northern sector of the study area, the dissolved F− is above 1.72 mg L−1 and reach up to 3.65 mg L−1, while in the southern sector the values range between 0.27 and 1.05 mg L−1. Conversely, there are no significant differences in the major hydrochemistry of the studied rivers, since all the waters are diluted (TDS: 36–116 mg L−1), slightly alkaline (pH: 7.50–8.16), of bicarbonate-calcium type, and with no seasonal influence of precipitation. The elevated values of F− in waters spatially match the F-rich A-type strongly peraluminous granite of La Costa Pluton. Fluorine in this unit is five to ten times higher than in the S-type peraluminous granite from the southern sector, and is mainly hosted in micas and fluorapatite. The higher dissolved trace elements and REE in the northern sector, also match the different lithological sources. Therefore, the identification of A-type peraluminous granites in a catchment area could be used as a petrological indicator to predict a possible high fluoride content in river waters. Additionally, high fluoride values in surface waters could be a valuable proxy of the presence of A-type plutons in the nearby region.

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely want to thank Dr. Pablo Alasino for providing information and material from his own personal research projects. We are grateful to the technicians from CRILAR-CONICET and CICTERRA-CONICET-UNC for the technical support in the preparation of the rock samples. The authors also thank the operators of the LAMARX Laboratory: Dr. Sebastián Verdecchia, Dr. Alina Guereschi, Dr. Fernando Colombo and Dr. Manuel Demartis. The authors also acknowledge the people who collaborated in the field works: T. Fariñas, V. Reinoso, F. Morinigo, H. Aciar and C. Bustamante. G. M. Uran acknowledges a doctoral fellowship from CONICET.

Funding

This work has been carried out with funds from the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina, PUE-0125 and PIP 112-201701-00088), the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT, PICT-2017-2026), the Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (CICYT-042), and the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (SECyT-UNC 33620180100385CB).

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  1. Marcos Macchioli Grande

    Present address: Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, 8370450, Santiago, Chile

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), (CONICET—SEGEMAR—Provincia de La Rioja—UNCa—UNLaR), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n. 5301, Anillaco, La Rioja, Argentina

    Gimena M. Uran, Mariano A. Larrovere & Marcos Macchioli Grande

  2. Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Instituto de Geología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (INGeReN—CENIIT—UNLaR), Avenida Gobernador Vernet y Apóstol Felipe 5300, La Rioja, Argentina

    Gimena M. Uran, Mariano A. Larrovere & Marcos Macchioli Grande

  3. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA—CONICET—UNC), Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre s/n, X5016CA, Córdoba, Argentina

    Andrea I. Pasquini

  4. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av, Vélez Sarsfield 1611, X5016CGA, Córdoba, Argentina

    Andrea I. Pasquini

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Contributions

GMU: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, visualization. MAL: conceptualization, investigation, resources, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition. AIP: conceptualization, investigation, resources, writing—review and editing, funding acquisition. MMG: conceptualization, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Gimena M. Uran.

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Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

531_2023_2332_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx

Supplementary file1 ESM_1. Representative composition of garnet of La Costa Pluton and Antinaco Orthogneiss units from electron microprobe (XLSX 13 KB)

531_2023_2332_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx

Supplementary file2 ESM_2. Representative composition of tourmaline of La Costa Pluton unit from electron microprobe. H2O, B2O3 and Li2O were calculated by stoichiometry. OH+F = 4 a.p.f.u.; B = 3 a.p.f.u.; Li = 15-total(T+Z+Y) (XLSX 12 KB)

531_2023_2332_MOESM3_ESM.xlsx

Supplementary file3 ESM_3. Representative composition of fluorapatite of La Costa Pluton unit from electron microprobe (XLSX 11 KB)

531_2023_2332_MOESM4_ESM.xlsx

Supplementary file4 ESM_4. Rare earth elements and elemental relationships calculated for the dissolved REE of the studied waters: LaN/YbN, GdN/NdN and GdN/YbN. The sum of rare earth elements (ΣREE) and the europium anomaly are also presented. (Eu/Eu*)N = EuN/(SmN*GdN)0.5 (McLennan 1989). The subscript N indicates that the values are normalized to the CCS (McLennan 2001) (XLSX 17 KB)

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Uran, G.M., Larrovere, M.A., Pasquini, A.I. et al. Contrasting fluoride contents in mountain rivers of the Andean foreland of Argentina: the influence of A-type peraluminous granites. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 112, 1997–2024 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02332-3

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