Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Integration of remote sensing and geochemical data to characterize mineralized A-type granites, Egypt: implications for origin and concentration of rare metals

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Neoproterozoic mineralized granites from the Umm Naggat and Homrit Waggat areas in the Central Eastern Desert (CED) of Egypt, are parts of the Neoproterozoic Nubian Shield. On the basis of textural and chemical characteristics, they resemble highly fractionated ferroan peraluminous A-type granites. Decorrelation stretch (DS) and band ratio (BR) techniques of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-9 data were used for the spectral identification of lithological units, alteration and mineralized zones in A-type granites. Spatial and spectral extent of the hydrothermal mineralized alteration zones (e.g., sericitization, carbonatization, kaolinitization, ferrous silicates and hydroxyl) related to the rare metal-bearing granitic plutons can be discriminated by processed ASTER data. Some structural features have been identified by Sentinel-1enhanced Soble directional filter images. The NW–SE Najd fault system is conjugated with N–S and NE–SW faults, which structurally control the distribution of both mineralized alteration zones and rare metal-bearing granites in the CED of Egypt. The studied mineralized granites comprise syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite. Essential minerals are quartz, K-feldspar (Or94-99), plagioclase (An0-7) and biotite, with subordinate amounts of chlorite, muscovite and fluorite. Zircon, Fe-Ti oxides, rutile, apatite, epidote, titanite, columbite and thorite are main accessory phases. Average zircon saturation temperature (TZr) of the studied granites ranges from 780 °C to 880 °C at pressures of 0.7–3.0 kbars and depth < 8 km. These granites are highly evolved (SiO2 = 73–78 wt. %), and show characteristics of high-K calc-alkaline peraluminous rocks (A/CNK = 1–1.13). They are enriched in Rb, Nb, Y, Ta, Hf, Ga, Zr and rare-earth elements (ΣREEs: up to 558 ppm) and show pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.01–0.29), similar to post-collisional rare metal-bearing A-type granites either in Egypt or elsewhere in the world. These A-type granites more likely crystallized from highly fractionated I-type tonalite-granodiorite magmas, followed by extensive fractional crystallization in the upper crust during and just after lithospheric delamination. Rare-metal minerals such as zircon, rutile, xenotime, thorite, cerite-(Ce), apatite, parisite, uranothorite, columbite, ishikawaite and bastnaesite crystallized under both magmatic and hydrothermal conditions. Remote sensing and geochemical data enabled us to characterize mineralized zones in A-type granites and indicated that albitization is accompanied by higher concentrations of REEs (544 ppm), Zr (up to 378 ppm), Y (142 ppm), Nb (127 ppm) and Th (26 ppm) than other alteration types, suggesting stabilization of these elements by Na-, F- and Cl-rich fluids during Na-metasomatism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. Integration of remote sensing and geochemical data to characterize mineralized A-type granites, Egypt: implications for origin and concentration of rare metals.

References

  • Abd El Monsef M, Sami M, Toksoy-Köksal F, Abart R, Ondrejka M, Abdelfadil KM (2023) Role of magmatism and related-exsolved fluids during Ta-Nb-Sn concentration in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt: evidences from mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions. J Earth Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-022-1778-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abdalla HM, Helba HA, Mohamed FH (1998) Chemistry of columbite-tantalite minerals in rare metal granitoids, Eastern Desert. Egypt Mineral Mag 62:821–836

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Rahman AFM (1994) Nature of biotites from alkaline, calc-alkaline, and peraluminous magmas. J Petrol 35:525–541

    Google Scholar 

  • Abo Khashaba SM, El-Shibiny NH, Hassan SM, Takazawa E, Khedr MZ (2023) Application of remote sensing data integration in detecting mineralized granitic zones: a case study of the Gabal Al-Ijlah Al-Hamra, Central Eastern Desert. Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 200:104855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2023.104855

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Abo Khashaba SM (2022) Integration of remote sensing and geochemical data for the exploration of some rare metals-bearing granitic plutons, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. M.Sc. Thesis, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt, p. 331

  • Abou El Maaty MA, Ali Bik MW (2000) Petrology of alkali feldspar granite of Nuweibi and Gebel El-Mueilha, central Eastern Desert. Egypt Egypt J Geol 44:127–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Abu El-Rus MA, Mohamed MA, Lindh A (2017) Mueilha rare metals granite, Eastern Desert of Egypt: an example of a magmatic-hydrothermal system in the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Lithos 294:362–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Abuamarah BA, Azer MK, Asimow PD, Shi Q (2021a) Petrogenesis of the post-collisional rare-metal-bearing Ad-Dayheen granite intrusion. Central Arabian Shield Lithos 384:105956

    Google Scholar 

  • Abuamarah BA, Azer MK, Seddik AM, Asimow PD, Guzman P, Fultz BT, Wilner MJ, Dalleska N, Darwish MH (2021b) Magmatic and post-magmatic evolution of post-collisional rare-metal bearing granite: the Neoproterozoic Homrit Akarem Granitic Intrusion, south Eastern Desert of Egypt. Arabian-Nubian Shield Geochem 82:125840

    Google Scholar 

  • Akinin VV, Miller EL, Wooden JL (2009) Petrology and geochronology of crustal xenoliths from the Bering Strait region: Linking deep and shallow processes in extending continental crust. crustal cross sections from the western North American Cordillera and elsewhere: implications for tectonic and petrologic processes. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 456:39–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali KA, Stern RJ, Manton WI, Kimura JI, Khamees HA (2009) Geochemistry, Nd isotopes and U-Pb SHRIMP dating of neoproterozoic volcanic rocks from the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt: new insights into the ~ 750 Ma crust-forming event. Precambr Res 171:1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali KA, Moghazi AKM, Maurice AE, Omar SA, Wang Q, Wilde SA, Moussa EM, Manton WI, Stern RJ (2012) Composition, age, and origin of the~ 620 Ma Humr Akarim and Humrat Mukbid A-type granites: no evidence for pre-Neoproterozoic basement in the Eastern Desert Egypt. Int J Earth Sci 101:1705–1722

    Google Scholar 

  • Amer R, Kusky T, Ghulam A (2010) Lithological mapping in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt using ASTER data. J Afr Earth Sc 56:75–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Avigad D, Gvirtzman Z (2009) Late Neoproterozoic rise and fall of the northern Arabian Nubian Shield: the role of lithospheric mantle delamination and subsequent thermal subsidence. Tectonophysics 477:217–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Azer MK, Abdelfadil KM, Asimow PD, Khalil AE (2020) Tracking the transition from subduction-related to post-collisional magmatism in the north Arabian-Nubian shield: a case study from the Homrit Waggat area of the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Geol J 55:4426–4452

    Google Scholar 

  • Barker F, Arth JG (1976) Generation of trondhjemitic-tonalitic liquids and Archean bimodal trondhjemite-basalt suites. Geology 4:596–600

    Google Scholar 

  • Batchelor RA, Bowden P (1985) Petrogenetic interpretation of granitoid rock series using multicationic parameters. Chem Geol 48:43–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Boehnke P, Watson EB, Trail D, Harrison TM, Schmitt AK (2013) Zircon saturation re-revisited. Chem Geol 351:324–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark RN, King TV, Klejwa M, Swayze GA, Vergo N (1990) High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 95(B8):12653–12680

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins WJ, Beams SD, White AJR, Chappell BW (1982) Nature and origin of A-type granites with particular reference to southeastern Australia. Contrib Miner Petrol 80:189–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Creaser RA, Price RC, Wormald RJ (1991) A-type granites revisited: assessment of a residual-source model. Geology 19:163–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Deer WA, Howie RA, Zussman J (1992) An introduction to rock forming minerals, 2nd edn. Longmans, London, p 517

    Google Scholar 

  • Doi N, Kato O, Ikeuchi K, Komatsu R, Miyazaki SI, Akaku K, Uchida T (1998) Genesis of the plutonic-hydrothermal system around quaternary granite in the Kakkonda geothermal system, Japan. Geothermics 27:663–690

    Google Scholar 

  • Eby GN (1992) Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: petrogenetic and tectonic implications. Geology 20:641–644

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Afandy AH, Abdalla HM, Aly MM, Ammar F (2000) Geochemistry and radioactive potentiality of Um Naggat apogranite, central eastern desert. Egypt Resource Geology 50:39–51

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Desoky HM, Soliman N, Heikal MA, Abdel-Rahman AM (2021) Mapping hydrothermal alteration zones using ASTER images in the Arabian-Nubian Shield: a case study of the northwestern Allaqi District, South Eastern Desert Egypt. J Asian Earth Sci 5:100060

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Galy MM, Khaleal FM, Bakhit AF (2016) Comparative study on the geological and geochemical characteristics of some rare-metal granites, south Eastern Desert Egypt. Nucl Sci Sci J 5:109–120

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Hadek HH, Mohamed MA, El-Habaak GH, Bishara WW, Ali KA (2016) Geochemical constraints on petrogenesis of Homrit Waggat rare metal granite Egypt. Int J Geophys Geochem 3:33–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Eliwa HA, Breitkreuz C, Murata M, Khalaf IM, Bühler B, Itaya T, Takahashi T, Hirahara Y, Miyazaki T, Kimura JI, Shibata T (2014) SIMS zircon U-Pb and mica K-Ar geochronology, and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of Neoproterozoic granitoids and their bearing on the evolution of the north Eastern Desert Egypt. Gondwana Res 25:1570–1598

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyal M, Litvinovsky B, Jahn BM, Zanvilevich A, Katzir Y (2010) Origin and evolution of post-collisional magmatism: coeval neoproterozoic calc-alkaline and alkaline suites of the Sinai Peninsula. Chem Geol 269:153–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Förster HJ (1998) The chemical composition of REE-Y-Th-U-rich accessory minerals in peraluminous granites of the Erzgebirge-Fichtelgebirge region, Germany, part I: the monazite-(Ce)-brabantite solid solution series. Am Miner 83:259–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Förster HJ (2000) Cerite-(Ce) and thorian synchysite-(Ce) from the Niederbobritzsch granite, Erzgebirge, Germany: implications for the differential mobility of the LREE and Th during alteration. Can Min 38:67–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Frantz JD, Popp RK, Boctor NZ (1981) Mineral-solution equilibria—V. Solubilities of rock-forming minerals in supercritical fluids. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45:69–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Fritz H, Abdelsalam M, Ali KA, Bingen B, Collins AS, Fowler AR, Ghebreab W, Hauzenberger CA, Johnson PR, Kusky TM, Macey P, Muhongo S, Stern RJ, Viola G (2013) Orogen styles in the East African Orogen: a review of the neoproterozoic to cambrian tectonic evolution. J Afr Earth Sc 86:65–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Frondel JW, Cuttito A (1955) Glossary of uranium-and thorium-bearing minerals US Government Printing Office. Geol Surv Bulletin 5:1009

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost BR, Barnes CG, Collins WJ, Arculus RJ, Ellis DJ, Frost CD (2001) A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. J Petrol 42:2033–2048

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabr SS, Hassan SM, Sadek MF (2015) Prospecting for new gold-bearing alteration zones at El-Hoteib area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt, using remote sensing data analysis. Ore Geol Rev 71:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Gad S, Kusky T (2007) ASTER spectral ratioing for lithological mapping in the Arabian-Nubian shield, the Neoproterozoic Wadi Kid area, Sinai. Egypt Gondwana Research 11:326–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghoneim MF, Lebda EM, Nasr BB, Khedr MZ (2002) Geology and tectonic evolution of the area around wadi Arais, southern Eastern Desert, Egypt 6th International Conference on the Geology of the Arab World (GAW6), Cairo University, Egypt, 1:45−66

  • Ghoneim MF, LebdaEM, Khedr MZ (2004) Pre-Post collisional plutonites of Arais area, Eastern Desert, Egypt: geochemical concept. In: 6th international conference on geochemistry, Alexandria University, Egypt, vol 1, pp 849–874

  • Green TH (1995) Significance of Nb/Ta as an indicator of geochemical processes in the crust-mantle system. Chem Geol 120:347–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagag W, Hassan S, Toni M (2019) Active tectonic structures in northeastern Egypt: a geospatial analysis using structural, remote sensing, and seismic data. Arab J Geosci 12:1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamimi Z, Abd El-Wahed MA (2020) Suture and major shear zones in the Neoproterozoic basement of Egypt. In: Fritz H (ed) The Geology of Egypt. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 153–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris NB, Pearce JA, Tindle AG (1986) Geochemical characteristics of collision-zone magmatism. J Geol Soc London Spec Publ 19:67–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan SM, El Kazzaz YA, Taha MMN, Mohammad AT (2017) Late Neoproterozoic basement rocks of Meatiq area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt: petrography and remote sensing characterizations. J Afr Earth Sc 131:14–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan SM, Youssef MA, Gabr SS, Sadek MF (2022) Radioactive mineralization detection using remote sensing and airborne gamma-ray spectrometry at Wadi Al-Miyah area, Central Eastern Desert Egypt. Egypt J Remote Sens Space Sci 25:37–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan MA, Hashad AH (1990) Precambrian of Egypt. The geology of Egypt (Said, R., Ed.). Balkema, Rotterdam, 201–245.

  • Hecker C, van Ruitenbeek FJ, van der Werff HM, Bakker WH, Hewson RD, Van der Meer FD (2019) Spectral absorption feature analysis for finding ore: a tutorial on using the method in geological remote sensing. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Mag 7:51–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Heikal MTS, Khedr MZ, El-Monesf MA, Gomaa SR (2019) Petrogenesis and geodynamic evolution of neoproterozoic abu dabbab albite granite, Central Eastern Desert of Egypt: petrological and geochemical constraints. J Afr Earth Sci 158:103518

    Google Scholar 

  • Helba H, Trumbull RB, Morteani G, Khalil SO, Arslan A (1997) Geochemical and petrographic studies of Ta mineralization in the Nuweibi albite granite complex, Eastern Desert Egypt. Miner Depos 32(2):164–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Hey MH (1954) A new review of chlorites. Mineral Mag 30:278–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Holtz F, Behrens H, Dingwell DB, Taylor RP (1992) Water solubility in aluminosilicate melts of haplogranite composition at 2 kbar. Chem Geol 96:289–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Johan Z, Johan V (1993) Accessory minerals of the Cinovec granitic cupola; behaviour of REE in F- and CO2-rich fluids. In: Fenoll Hach-Ali P, Torres-Ruiz J, Gervilla F (eds) Current research in geology applied to ore deposits. University of Granada, Granada, pp 625–628

  • Johnson PR, Andresen A, Collins AS, Fowler AR, Fritz H, Ghebreab W, Kusky T, Stern RJ (2011) Late Cryogenian-Ediacaran history of the Arabian-Nubian Shield: a review of depositional, plutonic, structural, and tectonic events in the closing stages of the northern East African Orogen. J Afr Earth Sc 61:167–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamel OA, El Tabbal HK (1980) Petrology and mineralogy of Nuweibi and Abu Dabbab rare metal apogranites, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Proc. geodynamic evolution of the Afro-Arabic rift system. Atti Cony Lincei 47:685–705

    Google Scholar 

  • Khedr MZ, Abo Khashaba SM, El-Shibiny NH, El-Arafy RA, Takazawa E, Azer MK, Pallin M (2022) Remote sensing techniques and geochemical constraints on the formation of the Wadi El-Hima mineralized granites, Egypt: new insights into the genesis and accumulation of garnets. Int J Earth Sci 111(7):2409–2443

    Google Scholar 

  • Khedr MZ, Al Desouky AA, Takazawa E, Kamh S, Hauzenberger C, Whattam SA, El-Awady A (2023a) Remote sensing and geochemical investigations of sulfide-bearing metavolcanic and gabbroic rocks (Egypt): constraints on host-rock petrogenesis and sulfide genesis. Gondwana Res 119:282–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Khedr MZ, Al Desouky AA, Kamh S, Hauzenberger C, Arai S, Tamura A, Whattam SA, Morishita T, Lasheen E, El-Awady A (2023b) Petrogenesis of gerf neoproterozoic carbonatized peridotites (Egypt): evidence of convergent margin metasomatism of depleted sub-arc mantle. Lithos 450–451:107192

    Google Scholar 

  • King PL, White AJR, Chappell BW, Allen CM (1997) Characterization and origin of aluminous A-type granites from the Lachlan fold Belt, southeastern Australia. J Petrol 38(3):371–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurent O, Martin H, Moyen JF, Doucelance R (2014) The diversity and evolution of late-Archean granitoids: evidence for the onset of “modern-style” plate tectonics between 3.0 and 2.5 Ga. Lithos 205:208–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Li ZH, Liu M, Gerya T (2016) Lithosphere delamination in continental collisional orogens: a systematic numerical study. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 121:5186–5211

    Google Scholar 

  • Maniar PD, Piccoli PM (1989) Tectonic discrimination of granitoids. Geol Soc Am Bull 101:635–643

    Google Scholar 

  • Manning DAC (1981) The effect of fluorine on liquidus phase relationships in the system Qz-Ab-Or with excess water at 1 kb. Contrib Miner Petrol 76:206–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Middlemost EA, Magmas K, Rocks M (1985) An introduction to igneous petrology. Magma and magmatic Rocks, Longmans, p 266

    Google Scholar 

  • Moghazi AM, Mohamed FH, Kanisawa S (1999) Geochemical and petrological evidence of calc-alkaline and A-type magmatism in the Homrit Waggat and El-Yatima areas of eastern Egypt. J Afr Earth Sc 29:535–549

    Google Scholar 

  • Moghazi AKM, Iaccheri LM, Bakhsh RA, Kotov AB, Ali KA (2015) Sources of rare-metal-bearing A-type granites from Jabel Sayed complex, Northern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia. J Asian Earth Sci 107:244–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed FH, Abdalla HM, Helba H (1999) Chemistry of micas in rare-metal granitoids and associated rocks, Eastern Desert. Egypt Int Geol Rev 41(10):932–948

    Google Scholar 

  • Moussa HE, Asimow PD, Azer MK, Abou El Maaty MA, Akarish AI, Yanni NN, Mubarak HS, Wilner MJ, Elsagheer MA (2021) Magmatic and hydrothermal evolution of highly-fractionated rare-metal granites at Gabal Nuweibi, Eastern Desert. Egypt Lithos 400:106405

    Google Scholar 

  • Nachit H, Ibhi A, Abia EH, Ohoud MB (2005) Discrimination between primary magmatic biotites, reequilibrated biotites and neoformed biotites. Comptes Rendus Géosci 337:1415–1420

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolae I, Saccani E (2003) Petrology and geochemistry of the Late Jurassic calc-alkaline series associated to Middle Jurassic ophiolites in the South Apuseni Mountains (Romania). Swiss Bull Mineral Petrol 83:81–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Patino Douce AE (1997) Generation of metaluminous A-type granites by low-pressure melting of calc-alkaline granitoids. Geology 25:743–746

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce JA (1996) Sources and settings of granitic rocks. Episodes 19:120–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce JA, Harris NBW, Tindle AG (1984) Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J Petrol 25:956–983

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Soba C, Villaseca C (2010) Petrogenesis of highly fractionated I-type peraluminous granites: La Pedriza pluton (Spanish Central System). Geol Acta 8:131–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Petersson J, Eliasson T (1997) Mineral evolution and element mobility during episyenitization (dequartzification) and albitization in the postkinematic Bohus granite, southwest Sweden. Lithos 42:123–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Petford N, Gallagher K (2001) Partial melting of mafic (amphibolitic) lower crust by periodic influx of basaltic magma. Earth Planet Sci Lett 193:483–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Pirajno F (2009) Hydrothermal processes and mineral systems (No. 553.7 PIR). Springer/Geological Survey of Western Australia. pp. 1243.

  • Pour AB, Hashim M (2012) Identifying areas of high economic-potential copper mineralization using ASTER data in the Urumieh-Dokhtar Volcanic Belt Iran. Adv Space Res 49:753–769

    Google Scholar 

  • Pour AB, Hashim M, Hong JK, Park Y (2019) Lithological and alteration mineral mapping in poorly exposed lithologies using Landsat-8 and ASTER satellite data: North-Eastern Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula. Ore Geol Rev 108:112–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Renno AD, Schmidt W, Shalaby IM (2017) Rare-metal province Central Eastern Desert, Egypt-II. A-type granites of Abu Dabbab, Igla and Nuweibi. In Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa. pp. 483–488.

  • Riad AM (1979) Geology and Petrology on Some Apogranite Occurrence, Nuweibi Area, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. M Sc Thesis, pp.117.

  • Robinson FA, Bonin B, Pease V, Anderson JL (2017) A discussion on the tectonic implications of Ediacaran late-to post-orogenic A-type granite in the northeastern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia. Tectonics 36:582–600

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudnick RL, Fountain DM (1995) Nature and composition of the continental crust: a lower crustal perspective. Rev Geophys 33:267–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabet AH, LM B, AM R, LK A, (1976) Geologic structure and laws of localization of tantalum mineralization at the Nuweibi deposit. Annu Geol Surv Egypt 6:119–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadek MF, Ali-Bik MW, Hassan SM (2015) Late Neoproterozoic basement rocks of Kadabora-Suwayqat area, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt: geochemical and remote sensing characterization. Arab J Geosci 8:10459–10479

    Google Scholar 

  • Sami M, Ntaflos T, Farahat ES, Mohamed HA, Ahmed AF, Hauzenberger C (2017) Mineralogical, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopes characteristics of fluorite-bearing granites in the Northern Arabian-Nubian Shield, Egypt: Constraints on petrogenesis and evolution of their associated rare metal mineralization. Ore Geol Rev 88:1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Sami M, Abd El Monsef MA, Abart R, Toksoy-Köksal F, Abdelfadil KM (2022) Unraveling the genesis of highly fractionated rare-metal granites in the nubian shield via the rare-earth elements tetrad effect, Sr–Nd isotope systematics, and mineral chemistry. ACS Earth Space Chem 6(10):2368–2384

    Google Scholar 

  • Seddik AM, Darwish MH, Azer MK, Asimow PD (2020) Assessment of magmatic versus post-magmatic processes in the Mueilha rare-metal granite, Eastern Desert of Egypt. Arabian-Nubian Shield Lithos 366:105542

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw DM (1968) A review of K-Rb fractionation trends by covariance analysis. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 32:573–601

    Google Scholar 

  • Smirnov NN, Timms BV (1983) A revision of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Aust Mus 1:1–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern RJ (1994) Arc assembly and continental collision in the Neoproterozoic East African Orogen: implications for the consolidation of Gondwanaland. Ann Revi Earth Planet Sci 22:319–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Stern RJ, Ali K (2020) Crustal evolution of the Egyptian Precambrian rocks. The geology of Egypt. Springer, Cham, pp 131–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Streckeisen A (1976) To each plutonic rock its proper name. Earth Sci Rev 12:1–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun SS, McDonough WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geol Soc London Spec Publ 42:313–345

    Google Scholar 

  • Sylvester PJ (1989) Post-collisional alkaline granites. J Geol 97:261–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao J, Li W, Cai Y, Cen T (2014) Mineralogical feature and geological significance of muscovites from the Longyuanba Indosinian and Yanshannian two-mica granites in the eastern Nanling Range. Sci China Earth Sci 57:1150–1157

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor CD, Shulz KJ, Doebrich JL, Orris GJ, Denning PD, Kirschbaum MJ (2009) Geology and nonfuel mineral deposits of Africa and the Middle East: U S. Geol Surv Open-File Rep 2005–1294-E, 246 p.

  • Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1985) The continental crust: its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, p 312

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang R, Wu F, Xie L, Liu X, Wang J, Yang L, Lai W, Liu C (2017) A preliminary study of rare-metal mineralization in the Himalayan leucogranite belts, South Tibet. Sci China Earth Sci 60:1655–1663

  • Whalen JB, Currie KL, Chappell BW (1987) A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contrib Miner Petrol 95:407–419

    Google Scholar 

  • Wones DR (1989) Significance of the assemblage titanite + magnetite + quartz in granitic-rocks. Am Miner 74:744–749

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang XM (2017) Estimation of crystallization pressure of granite intrusions. Lithos 286:324–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang JH, Wu FY, Chung SL, Wilde SA, Chu MF (2006) A hybrid origin for the Qianshan A-type granite, northeast China: geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic evidence. Lithos 89:89–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeug M, Nasdala L, Ende M, Habler G, Hauzenberger C, Chanmuang NC, Škoda R, Topa D, Wildner M, Wirth R (2021) The parisite–(Ce) enigma: challenges in the identification of fluorcarbonate minerals. Miner Petrol 115:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Zoheir B, Lehmann B, Emam A, Radwan A, Zhang R, Bain WM, Steele-MacInnis M, Nolte N (2020) Extreme fractionation and magmatic hydrothermal transition in the formation of the Abu Dabbab rare-metal granite, Eastern Desert. Egypt Lithos 352:105329

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The first author is grateful to Missions Sector, Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education for the scholarship and fund to Niigata University 2019-2020 to perform some mineral and geochemical analyses. The authors are grateful to staff members of Data Reception, Analysis and Receiving Station Affairs, National Authority of remote sensing and space sciences (NARRS), Cairo, for analysis of some samples by the portable near-infrared TerraSpec Halo Mineral Identifier Spectrometer Device (ASD). SAW acknowledges financial support from KFUPM of the grant #CPG21107 awarded to SAW and MZK. We are grateful to Prof. Dr. Adel Surour and the anonymous reviewer for their careful reading of our manuscript and their many insightful comments. We thank Prof. Ulrich Riller (Editor-in-Chief) for his editorial handling of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt

    Mohamed Zaki Khedr, Saif M. Abo Khashaba & N. H. El-Shibiny

  2. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

    Eiichi Takazawa

  3. National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt

    Safaa M. Hassan

  4. Geological Sciences Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

    Mokhles K. Azer

  5. Department of Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

    Scott A. Whattam

  6. Remote Sensing and GIS Department, Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt

    Reda A. El-Arafy

  7. Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan

    Yuji Ichiyama

Authors
  1. Mohamed Zaki Khedr
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Saif M. Abo Khashaba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. H. El-Shibiny
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Eiichi Takazawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Safaa M. Hassan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mokhles K. Azer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Scott A. Whattam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Reda A. El-Arafy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Yuji Ichiyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed Zaki Khedr.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

I am Mohamed Zaki Khedr, on behalf of all coauthors; declare that there is no conflict of interests for the current paper with title: Integration of remote sensing and geochemical data to characterize mineralized A-type granites, Egypt: Implications for origin and concentration of rare metals.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

531_2023_2323_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary file1 Distribution of the most important rare‐metal‐bearing granite intrusions in the central and south Eastern Desert of Egypt: (1) Umm Naggat, (2) Umm Samra, (3) Abu Dabbab, (4) Nuweibi, (5) Ineigi, (6) Homrit Waggat, (7) Igla, (8) Zabara, (9) Mueilha, (10) Nugrus, (11) El‐ Gharabiya, (12) Nikeiba, (13) Homrit Akarem, and (14) Um Hibal. The dividing line between central and southern portions of the Nubian Shield is after Stern and Edge (1985). (JPG 2821 KB)

Supplementary file2 (DOCX 22 KB)

Supplementary file3 (XLSX 3634 KB)

531_2023_2323_MOESM4_ESM.jpg

Supplementary file4 Mineral chemistry of Umm Naggat and Homrit Waggat granites. (a, b) Feldspar compositions plotted on an albite (Ab)-anorthite (An)-orthoclase (Or) ternary diagram (Deer et al. 1992). (c) 10 * TiO2-(FeOt + MnO)-MgO ternary diagram for classification of biotite (Nachit et al. 2005). (d) FeOt versus Al2O3 discrimination diagram of analyzed biotites (Abdel‐Rahman 1994). (e) Ti‐Mg‐Na ternary diagram, Compositional fields for primary and secondary muscovite (Miller et al. 1981). (f) Si versus (Fe+2 +Fe+3) binary diagram for classification of chlorites (Hey 1954) (JPG 1478 KB)

Supplementary file5 (XLSX 150 KB)

531_2023_2323_MOESM6_ESM.jpg

Supplementary file6 Whole-rock major element chemistry of Umm Naggat and Homrit Waggat granites. (a) Nomenclature of plutonic rocks using the QAP diagram (Streckeisen 1976). (b) Classification of granitoids using SiO2 (wt. %) versus Na2O+K2O (wt. %) of Middlemost (1985) (JPG 754 KB)

Supplementary file7 (XLS 1389 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khedr, M.Z., Khashaba, S.M.A., El-Shibiny, N.H. et al. Integration of remote sensing and geochemical data to characterize mineralized A-type granites, Egypt: implications for origin and concentration of rare metals. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 112, 1717–1745 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02323-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02323-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation