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Two karst events bounding drastic changes in the Neoproterozoic Tandilia Basin history, Argentina: paleogeographic relevance

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Abstract

The sedimentary infill of the Tandilia Basin is characterised by at least four different stages of deposition during the Neoproterozoic (< 1160 to ~ 550 Ma), two of them recognisable in the Sierras Bayas Group and two in the La Providencia Group. The Villa Mónica Formation, representing the first stage of basin infill (< 1160 to < 720 Ma), consists of a lower siliciclastic section that passes transitionally into an upper dolostone section. This dolostone platform, rich in standard Cryogenian stromatolites, was interpreted as deposited under typical cold, suboxic to oxic seawater conditions. A detailed analysis of the dolostone section allowed us to distinguish two karst events imprinted in the formation. The hypogene karst genesis is interpreted as hydrothermal with the development of Mn-oxide dykes associated with intense silicification and brecciation of the host dolostones. The younger epigene karst, which developed over the post uplifted unit, is related to intense weathering and subaerial exposure with the generation of an irregular surface in its upper contact. This unconformity, known as the Piedra Amarilla Surface, is represented regionally in the Tandilia System. It may have implied a post-uplift period of erosion, dissolution and non-deposition that predates the accumulation of the ~ 400-m-thick overlying succession (the Sierras Bayas and La Providencia groups). Accordingly, the Piedra Amarilla Surface may represent a large spatio-temporal interval bounding two contrasting histories in the basin infill, which would justify separating the Villa Mónica Formation from the Sierras Bayas Group. This karst-related surface may be considered a fingerprint of the transition from the break-up of Rodinia to the configuration of southwestern Gondwana.

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Acknowledgements

We are extremely grateful to J. Canallichio for field assistance in quarries (Cementos Avellaneda SA). Special thanks to G. Kürten and L. Vigiani for the XRD analysis, D. Mártire and P. García for the preparation of thin sections, C. Cavarozzi for the ICP-MS analysis and to A. Kang and A. Azpeitia for the SEM-EDS preparation and analysis. A.J. Kaufman is thanked for providing field photographs. Field work and laboratory materials were supported by grants to LEGP (PICT Pres. BID 2018-4022, Fundación Williams and PID-UNLP 888). We would like to extend our sincere thanks to the reviewer Prof. U. Zimmermann for his dedicated and comprehensive evaluation of the original manuscript, which significantly improved the present version. Thanks should also go to N. Noffke (Topic Editor), U. Riller (Editor-in-Chief) and an anonymous reviewer for their detailed evaluation of the manuscript and for considering it relevant for the IJES. M. Ponce is also thanked for the revision and proofreading in English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [CONICET]-Universidad Nacional de La Plata [UNLP]), Diagonal 113 N° 275, Calle 1 N° 644, 1900, La Plata, Argentina

    Lucía E. Gómez-Peral, M. Sol Raigemborn, Camila Ferreyra, Victoria Penzo & Daniel G. Poiré

  2. Cátedra de Sedimentología/Rocas Sedimentarias, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina

    Lucía E. Gómez-Peral & Daniel G. Poiré

  3. Cátedra de Micromorfología de Suelos, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina

    Camila Ferreyra

  4. Cátedra de Paleontología I, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina

    M. Sol Raigemborn

  5. Instituto de Hidrología de Llanuras Dr. Eduardo Jorge Usunoff, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    M. Julia Arrouy

  6. Núcleo de Estudos Geoquímicos-Laboratório de Isótopos Estáveis (NEG-LABISE), Department of Geology, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

    Alcides N. Sial

Authors
  1. Lucía E. Gómez-Peral
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  2. M. Julia Arrouy
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  3. M. Sol Raigemborn
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  4. Camila Ferreyra
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  5. Victoria Penzo
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  6. Alcides N. Sial
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  7. Daniel G. Poiré
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Correspondence to Lucía E. Gómez-Peral.

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Supplementary Information

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531_2023_2308_MOESM1_ESM.eps

SI 1 X-Ray Diffractograms of samples from hypogene karst (a, b, c, d) and from the epigene karst (e, f) (see text for further explanations). AAA: Advanced argillic alteration; Q: quartz, D: dolomite, Ca: calcite; Py: Pyrophyllite, Ms: muscovite; Sm: smectite: Mn: Mn-oxides; Go: goethite

531_2023_2308_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx

SI 2 REY values normalised (*) to PAAS of samples of dolostones (TA, PA) and of the Mn-dyke (DM) Buenos Aires, Argentina

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Gómez-Peral, L.E., Arrouy, M.J., Raigemborn, M.S. et al. Two karst events bounding drastic changes in the Neoproterozoic Tandilia Basin history, Argentina: paleogeographic relevance. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 112, 1503–1525 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-023-02308-3

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