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A vestige of an Ediacaran magmatic arc in southeast France and its significance for the northern Gondwana margin

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Abstract

The Maures–Tanneron Massif is a key to putting new constraints on the age, nature, and tectonic setting of pre-Variscan metaigneous rocks in the southern Variscan Belt. Whole-rock geochemistry was combined with U–Pb isotopic data on zircon to gain insight into the pre-Variscan evolution and improve the knowledge of the southern Variscan domain. The geochemical study shows that the protolith of the studied samples is a high-K calc-alkaline granodiorite emplaced in the upper plate of a subduction zone, most probably in a continental arc setting, as suggested by numerous microdioritic enclaves. Zircon cores record a spread of ages between 609 and 548 Ma and define an age peak at c. 590 Ma, interpreted as the most likely emplacement age of the granodioritic protolith. This Ediacaran population shows a consistent zircon Th/U ratio (~ 0.5) which likely indicates long-lived magmatic activity in a continental arc setting and corroborates our geochemical interpretations. The zircon overgrowth rims give ages from 505 to 460 Ma and might be of metamorphic origin (lower Th/U ratios), related to an important tectono-thermal event that developed during Lower to Middle Ordovician times. The occurrence of older zircon grains (c. 1000 Ma and c. 1800–2500 Ma), either inherited from a crustal source or incorporated from country rocks during magma ascent, provides some constraints on the paleoposition of the magmatic arc, likely situated on the eastern shelf of the northern Gondwana margin.

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Acknowledgements

This work is a contribution to the Research Project no. 310560 which is part of the Strategic Research Plan of the Czech Geological Survey (DKRVO/ČGS 2018–2022). We are grateful to M. Poujol (Geosciences Rennes, France), N. Novotná and J. Míková (Czech Geological Survey, Prague) for the LA–ICP–MS analyses. We also thank M. Štrba for mineral separation. This work was improved following constructive comments by Stanislaw Mazur and an anonymous reviewer. Ulrich Riller is thanked for editorial handling.

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  1. A. S. Tabaud

    Present address: Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 9 Arctic Avenue, St. John’s, NL, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Lithospheric Research, Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 11821, Prague 1, Czech Republic

    A. S. Tabaud & J. M. Lardeaux

  2. Géoazur, UMR 7329, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia-Antipolis, 250 Rue A. Einstein, 06560, Valbonne, France

    J. M. Lardeaux & M. Corsini

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  1. A. S. Tabaud
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  2. J. M. Lardeaux
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  3. M. Corsini
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Correspondence to A. S. Tabaud.

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Appendices

Appendix 1

LA–ICP–MS analytical methods

LA‒ICP‒MS U‒Pb analyses on zircons were conducted at the Czech Geological Survey, Prague, and at the GeOHeLiS Platform, University of Rennes, France. Zircons were analysed using an Analyte Excite 193 nm excimer laser ablation system (LA; Proton Machines), equipped with a two-volume HelEx ablation cell, in tandem with an Agilent 7900× (Prague) or an Agilent 7700× (Rennes) ICPMS (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, USA). Samples were ablated in He atmosphere (0.8 l min–1) at a pulse repetition rate of 5 Hz using a spot size of 25 μm and laser fluence of 7.59 J cm–2. Each measurement consisted of 20 s of blank acquisition followed by ablation of the sample for a further 40 s of signal collection at masses 202, 204, 206, 207, 208, 232 and 238 using the SEM detector, with one point per mass peak and the respective dwell times of 10, 10, 15, 30, 20, 10 and 15 ms per mass (total sweep time of 0.134 s). Instrumental drift was monitored by repeat measurements of 91,500 reference zircon (Wiedenbeck et al. 1995) after every 20 unknowns. Data deconvolution using Iolite software followed the method described by Paton et al. (2010), including an ‘on peak’ gas blank subtraction followed by correction for laser-induced elemental fractionation (LIEF) by comparison with the behaviour of the 91,500 reference zircon (Wiedenbeck et al. 1995) which yielded in this study a Concordia age of 1062.9 ± 2.1 Ma. In addition, zircon reference samples GJ-1 (~ 609 Ma, Jackson et al. 2004) and Plešovice (337 Ma, Sláma et al. 2008) were analysed periodically during this study and yielded Concordia ages of 604 ± 2.0 Ma (Rennes); 606.6 ± 3.2 Ma (Prague) and 340 ± 3 Ma (Rennes); 337.7 ± 1.2 Ma (Prague) (2σ), respectively.

Appendix 2

40Ar–39Ar method

The argon isotopic interferences on K and Ca were determined by the irradiation of KF and CaF2 pure salts from which the following correction factors were obtained: (40Ar/39Ar)K = 2.97 × 10–2 ± 10–3 at 1σ, (38Ar/39Ar)K = 1.24 × 10–2 ± 5 × 10–4 at 1σ, (39Ar/37Ar)Ca = 7.27 × 10–4 ± 4 × 10–5 at 1σ, and (36Ar/37Ar)Ca = 2.82 × 10–4 ± 3 × 10–5 at 1σ. 40Ar/39Ar step heating analyses were performed at Geoazur Nice (France) using a CO2 Synrad 48-5 laser. Isotopic measurements were performed by a VG 3600 mass spectrometer working with a Daly detector system and connected to a stainless-steel purification line with two GP50 Al–Zr Getters operating at 400 °C with an (LN2 + Cl2CH2) cold trap. The mass spectrometer is a 120° M.A.S.S.E. flight tube fitted to a Baur-Signer GS-98 source and a Balzers SEV217 electron multiplier. The blanks of the extraction and purification laser system were measured every third step and subtracted from each argon isotope from the subsequent gas fraction. Typical blank values were in the range of 6–18, 0.3–2.0, 0.4–1.2 and 0.6–1.4 × 10–13 ccSTP for the mass 40, 39, 37 and 36, respectively. The mass-discrimination was monitored by regularly analysing the air pipette volume. Blanks were monitored after every three analyses. All parameters and relative abundance values are provided in supplementary materials and have been corrected for blanks, mass discrimination, and radioactive decay. Atmospheric 40Ar was estimated using a value of the initial 40Ar/36Ar of 298.56 (Lee et al. 2006). Our criteria for the determination of a plateau are as follows: a plateau must include at least 70% of 39Ar released, over a minimum of three consecutive steps agreeing at a 95% confidence level. Plateau ages are given at the 2σ error level, and the plateau age uncertainties include analytical and J value errors. All the errors on the inverse isochron, total fusion ages, and initial 40Ar/36Ar ratios are quoted at the 2σ error.

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Tabaud, A.S., Lardeaux, J.M. & Corsini, M. A vestige of an Ediacaran magmatic arc in southeast France and its significance for the northern Gondwana margin. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 112, 925–950 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02277-z

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