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Composition and thermal evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Ribeira Belt, SE Brazil: evidence from spinel peridotite xenoliths

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Abstract

This study reports the first geochemical and Pb isotopic data for mantle xenoliths from beneath the Neoproterozoic Ribeira Belt, southeastern Brazil. The cm-sized spinel peridotite xenoliths are hosted by a Cretaceous lamprophyre dike that intruded high-grade metamorphic rocks. Major- and trace-element compositions of the main minerals indicate that the xenoliths derive from a shallow fertile mantle that has undergone a low degree of melt extraction (2–9% partial melting). On the basis of modeled isochemical phase diagrams for lherzolites, pressure and temperature conditions are inferred to vary from 1300–1350 °C and 17–19 kbar (fertile composition) to 1330–1430 °C and 17–23 kbar (relatively depleted composition), which correspond to high geothermal gradients of 65–80 mW/m2. Temperatures of last equilibration calculated based on the average REE content of pyroxenes for the same lherzolite samples vary from 1233 ± 56 °C to 1085 ± 42 °C, while conventional thermometry (TBKN) yields average values of 807 and 755 °C, indicating re-equilibration at lower temperatures. Pb isotope ratios of clinopyroxene define a mixing line that intercepts the Stacey-Kramers two-stage terrestrial Pb evolution curve at ca. 200 Ma. Linear regressions yield two errorchrons of 56 ± 75 Ma and 571 ± 99 Ma (95% confidence level). These results combined with the ages and tectonic settings of host rocks are suggestive of an overprint of a younger tectono-thermal event, most likely related to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, over a mantle previously equilibrated during the Precambrian development of the Ribeira Belt.

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Fig. 1

Modified from Faleiros et al. (2016). b Simplified map of the plutonic complexes from the Serra do Mar region with the location of Ubatuba. Adapted from Azzone et al. (2016)

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Acknowledgements

The present study was financially supported by Grants 2006/01925-4, 2007/00635-5, 2018/10012-0, and 2019/22084-8, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). VAJ, FMF, and RM thank the research productivity scholarship Grants 306102/2019-6, 307732/2019-3, and 305720/2020-1, respectively, and National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq). We thank Maria Irene Bartolomeu Raposo for the whole-rock compositional data of the lamprophyre dike. The paper was substantially improved following detailed comments and suggestions by Katie Smart and Gerhard Peter Brey. We thank Editor Wolf-Christian Dullo for his guidance during the editorial process.

Funding

The present study was financially supported by Grants 2006/01925–4, 2007/00635–5, 2018/10012–0, and 2019/22084–8, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).

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Contributions

VVA—conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and writing; VAJ—conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and writing; FMF—conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and writing; AS—methodology, investigation, and writing; RM—investigation and writing.

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Correspondence to Vidyã Vieira Almeida.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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The results of mineral electron microprobe analyses, trace elements in minerals by LA-ICP-MS, and Pb isotopes in clinopyroxene are available in this article and in its Supplementary file.

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Almeida, V.V., de Assis Janasi, V., Faleiros, F.M. et al. Composition and thermal evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Ribeira Belt, SE Brazil: evidence from spinel peridotite xenoliths. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 111, 1057–1077 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02171-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02171-8

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