Abstract
This study reports the first geochemical and Pb isotopic data for mantle xenoliths from beneath the Neoproterozoic Ribeira Belt, southeastern Brazil. The cm-sized spinel peridotite xenoliths are hosted by a Cretaceous lamprophyre dike that intruded high-grade metamorphic rocks. Major- and trace-element compositions of the main minerals indicate that the xenoliths derive from a shallow fertile mantle that has undergone a low degree of melt extraction (2–9% partial melting). On the basis of modeled isochemical phase diagrams for lherzolites, pressure and temperature conditions are inferred to vary from 1300–1350 °C and 17–19 kbar (fertile composition) to 1330–1430 °C and 17–23 kbar (relatively depleted composition), which correspond to high geothermal gradients of 65–80 mW/m2. Temperatures of last equilibration calculated based on the average REE content of pyroxenes for the same lherzolite samples vary from 1233 ± 56 °C to 1085 ± 42 °C, while conventional thermometry (TBKN) yields average values of 807 and 755 °C, indicating re-equilibration at lower temperatures. Pb isotope ratios of clinopyroxene define a mixing line that intercepts the Stacey-Kramers two-stage terrestrial Pb evolution curve at ca. 200 Ma. Linear regressions yield two errorchrons of 56 ± 75 Ma and 571 ± 99 Ma (95% confidence level). These results combined with the ages and tectonic settings of host rocks are suggestive of an overprint of a younger tectono-thermal event, most likely related to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, over a mantle previously equilibrated during the Precambrian development of the Ribeira Belt.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almeida VV, Janasi VA, Svisero DP, Nannini F (2014) Mathiasite-loveringite and priderite in mantle xenoliths from the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province, Brazil: genesis and constraints on mantle metasomatism. Cent Eur J Geosci 6:614–632
Almeida VV, Janasi VA, Heaman LM, Shaulis B, Hollanda MHBM, Renne PR (2018) Contemporaneous alkaline and tholeiitic magmatism in the Ponta Grossa Arch, Paraná-Etendeka Magmatic Province: constraints from precise U–Pb zircon/baddeleyite and 40Ar/39Ar phlogopite dating of the José Fernandes Gabbro and mafic dykes. J Volcanol Geoth Res 355:55–65
Andrade S, Ulbrich HH, Gomes CB, Martins L (2014) Methodology for the determination of trace and minor elements in minerals and fused rock glasses with laser ablation associated with quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-Q-ICPMS). Am J Anal Chem 05:701–721
Assumpção M, Guarido M, van der Lee S, Dourado JC (2011) Upper-mantle seismic anisotropy from SKS splitting in the South American stable platform: a test of astenospheric flow models beneath the lithosphere. Lithosphere 3:173–180
Azzone RG, Munoz PM, Enrich GER, Alves A, Ruberti E, Gomes CB (2016) Petrographic, geochemical and isotopic evidence of crustal assimilation processes in the Ponte Nova alkaline mafic-ultramafic massif, SE Brazil. Lithos 260:58–75
Azzone RG, Ruberti E, Silva JCL, Gomes CB, Rojas GEE, Hollanda MHBM, Tassinari CCG (2018) Upper Cretaceous weakly to strongly silica-undersaturated alkaline dike series of the Mantiqueira Range, Serra do Mar alkaline province: Crustal assimilation processes and mantle source signatures. Br J Geol 48:373–390
Azzone RG, Chmyz L, Guarino V, Alves A, Gomes CB, Ruberti E (2020) Isotopic clues tracking the open-system evolution of the Ponte Nova mafic-ultramafic alkaline massif, SE Brazil: the contribution of Pb isotopes. Geochemistry 80:125648.
Baker J, Peate D, Waight T, Meyzen C (2004) Pb isotopic analysis of standards and samples using a 207Pb–204Pb double spike and thallium to correct for mass bias with a double-focusing MC-ICP-MS. Chem Geol 211:275–303
Bastin GF, van Loo FJJ, Heijiligers HJM (1984) Evaluation and use of Gaussian (Φ(pz)) curves in quantitative electron probe microanalysis: a new optimization. X-Ray Spectrom 13:91–97
Bastow ID, Julia J, do Nascimento A, Fuck R, Buckthorp T, Mc-Clellan J, (2015) Upper mantle anisotropy of the Borborema Province, NE Brazil: implications for intra-plate deformation and sub-cratonic asthenospheric flow. Tectonophysics 657:81–93
Beccaluva L, Bianchini G, Natali C, Siena F (2019) Plume-related Paraná-Etendeka Igneous Province: An evolution from plateau to continental rifting and breakup. Lithos 362–363:105484.
Bellieni G, Montes-Lauar CR, De Min A, Piccirillo EM, Cavazzini G, Melfi AJ, Pacca IG (1990) Early and Late Cretaceous magmatism from São Sebastião island (SE-Brazil): geochemistry and petrology. Geochim Br 4:59–83
Brey GP, Koehler T (1990) Geothermobarometry in four-phase lherzolites II: New thermobarometers and practical assessment of existing thermobarometers. J Petrol 31:1353–1378
Brito Neves BB, Campos Neto MC, Fuck RA (1999) From Rodinia to Western Gondwana: an approach to the Brasiliano-Pan African Cycle and orogenic collage. Episodes 22:155–166
Brotzu P, Melluso L, D’Amelio F, Lustrino M (2005) Potassic dykes and intrusions of the Serra do Mar Igneous Province (SE Brazil). In: Comin-Chiaramonti P, Gomes CB (eds) Mesozoic to Cenozoic Alkaline Magmatism in the Brazillian Platform. Edusp-Fapesp, pp 443–472
Cabral Neto I, Nannini F, Silveira FV, Cunha LM (2017) Áreas kimberlíticas e diamantíferas do Estado de Minas Gerais: Informe de Recursos Minerais Complementar ao Mapa das Áreas Kimberlíticas e Diamantíferas do Estado de Minas Gerais e Regiões Adjacentes. Brasília, Serviço Geológico do Brasil, 230 p.
Campanha GAC, Basei MAS, Tassinari C, Nutman AP, Faleiros FM (2008) Constraining the age of Iporanga Formation with SHRIMP U-Pb zircon: implications for possible Ediacaran glaciation in the Ribeira Belt, SE Brazil. Gondwana Res 13:117–125
Campanha GAC, Faleiros FM, Basei MAS, Tassinari CCG, Nutman AP, Vasconcelos PM (2015) Geochemistry and age of mafic rocks from the Votuverava Group, southern Ribeira Belt, Brazil: evidence for 1490 Ma oceanic back-arc magmatism. Precambrian Res 266:530–550
Campanha GAC, Basei MAS, Faleiros FM, Nutman AP (2016) The Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic passive margin Lajeado Group and Apiaí Gabbro, southeastern Brazil. Geosci Front 7:683–694
Campanha GAC, Faleiros FM, Cawood PA, Cabrita DIG, Ribeiro BV, Basei MAS (2019) The Tonian Embu Complex in the Ribeira Belt (Brazil): revision, depositional age and setting in Rodinia and West Gondwana. Precambrian Res 320:31–45
Canil D, O’Neill HStC, Pearson DG, Rudnick RL, McDonough WF, Carswell DA, (1994) Ferric iron in peridotites and mantle oxidation states. Earth Planet Sci Lett 123:205–220
Carlson RW, Araújo ALN, Junqueira-Brod TC, Gaspar JC, Brod JA, Petrinovic IA, Hollanda MHBM, Pimentel MM, Sichel S (2007) Chemical and isotopic relationships between peridotites xenoliths and mafic-ultrapotassic rocks from Southern Brazil. Chem Geol 242(3–4):415–434
Carmichael ISE (1967) The iron-titanium oxides of salic volcanic rocks and their associated ferromagnesian silicates. Contrib Mineral Petr 14:36–64
Chen W, Simonetti A (2015) Isotopic (Pb, Sr, Nd, C, O) evidence for plume-related sampling of an ancient depleted mantle reservoir. Lithos 216–217:81–92
Cheng Z, Hou T, Keiding JK, Veksler IV, Kamenetsky VS, Hornschu M, Trumbull RB (2020) Comparative geothermometry in high-Mg magmas from the Etendeka Province and constraints on their mantle source. J Petrol 60(12):2509–2528
Cherniak DJ (1998) Pb diffusion in clinopyroxene. Chem Geol 150(1–2):105–117
Cherniak DJ (2001) Pb diffusion in Cr diopside, augite, and enstatite, and consideration of the dependence of cation diffusion in pyroxene on oxygen fugacity. Chem Geol 177:381–397
Chmyz L, Arnaud N, Biondi JC, Azzone RG, Bosch D (2019) Hf-Pb isotope and trace element constraints on the origin of the Jacupiranga Complex (Brazil): Insights into carbonatite genesis and multi-stage metasomatism of the lithospheric mantle. Gondwana Res 71:16–27
Coldebella B, Azzone RG, Chmyz L, Ruberti E, Svisero DP (2020) Oxygen fugacity of Alto Paranaíba kimberlites and diamond instability: Três Ranchos IV and Limeira I intrusions. Br J Geol 50(1):e20190087
Coltice N, Bertrand H, Rey P, Jourdan F, Phillips BR, Ricard Y (2009) Global warming of the mantle beneath continents back to the Archean. Gondwana Res 15:254–266
Connolly JA (2005) Computation of phase equilibria by linear programming: a tool for geodynamic modeling and its application to subduction zone decarbonation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 236:524–541
Costa GV, Gaspar JC, Moraes R, Coelho-Silva ATM, Carreiro S (2008) Mantle xenoliths from Canastra-01 kimberlite, Brazil. In: 9th International Kimberlite Conference. Extended Abstract No. 9IKC-A-00330
Costa VS (2016) Mineralogia e petrologia de xenólitos mantélicos da província kimberlítica de Juína, MT. PhD thesis, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo
Cury LF, Kaulfuss GA, Siga Junior O, Basei MAS, Harara OMM, Sato K (2002) Idades U-Pb (zircões) de 1.75 Ga em granitóides alcalinos deformados dos núcleos Betara e Tigre: evidências de regimes extensionais do Estateriano na Faixa Apiaí. Geologia USP, Série Científica, São Paulo v2:95–108
Deckart K, Féraud G, Marques LS, Bertrand H (1998) New time constraints on dyke swarms related to the Paraná-Etendeka magmatic province, and subsequent South Atlantic opening, southeastern Brazil. J Volcanol Geoth Res 80(1–2):67–83
Faleiros FM, Campanha GAC, Martins L, Valch SRF (2011) Ediacaran high-pressure collision metamorphism and tectonics of the southern Ribeira Belt (SE Brazil): Evidence for terrane accretion and dispersion during Gondwana assembly. Precambrian Res 189(3–4):263–291
Faleiros FM, Campanha GAC, Silva MP, Almeida VV, Rodrigues SWO, Araújo BP (2016) Short-lived polyphase deformation during crustal thickening and exhumation of a collisional orogeny (Ribeira Belt, Brazil). J Struct Geol 93:106–130
Felgate MR (2014) The petrogenesis of Brazilian kimberlites and kamafugites intruded along the 125º lineament: improved geochemical and geochronological constraints on magmatism in Rondonia and the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province. PhD thesis, School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne
Fernandes PR, Tommasi A, Vauchez A, Neves SP, Nannini F (2021) The São Francisco cratonic root beneath the Neoproterozoic Brasilia belt (Brazil): Petrophysical data from the kimberlite xenoliths. Tectonophysics 816:229011
Garda GM (1995) Os diques básicos e ultrabásicos da região costeira entre as cidades de São Sebastião e Ubatuba, estado de São Paulo. Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Tese de doutorado
Garda GM, Schorscher HD, Esperança S, Carlson RW (1995) The petrology and geochemistry of coastal dikes from São Paulo State, Brazil: implications for variable lithospheric contributions to alkaline magmas from the western margin of the South Atlantic. An Acad Bras Cienc 67:191–216
Gomes CB, Ruberti E, Comin-Chiaramonti P, Azzone RG (2011) Alkaline magmatism in the Ponta Grossa Arch, SE Brazil: a review. J S Am Earth Sci 32:152–168
Green DH, Ringwood AE (1967) The stability fields of aluminous pyroxene peridotite and garnet peridotite and their relevance in upper mantle structure. Earth Planet Sci Lett 3:151–160
Green DH, Wallace ME (1988) Mantle metasomatism by ephemeral carbonatite melts. Nature 336:459–462
Griffin WL, O’Reilly SY, Afonso JC, Begg GC (2009) The composition and evolution of lithospheric mantle: a re-evaluation and its tectonic implications. J Petrol 50:1185–1204
Griffin WL, Powell WJ, Pearson NJ, O’Reilly SY (2008) Glitter: Data reduction software for laser ablation ICP-MS. In: Sylvester, P.J. (ed) Laser Ablation ICP-MS in the Earth Sciences: Current Practices and Outstanding Issues. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series. Short Course 40. Vancouver, pp. 308–311
Guo P, Xu W-L, Wang C-G, Wang F, Ge W-C, Sorokin AA, Wang Z-W (2017) Age and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Khanka Massif: Geochemical and Re-Os isotopic evidence from Sviyagino mantle xenoliths. Lithos 282–283:326–338
Hasterok D, Chapman DS (2011) Heat production and geotherms for the continental lithosphere. Earth Planet Sci Lett 307:59–70
Heaman L, Teixeira NA, Gobbo L, Gaspar JC (1998) U-Pb mantle zircon ages for kimberlites from the Juína and Paranatinga provinces. Brazil International Kimberlite Conference: Extended Abstracts 7(1):322–324
Heilbron M, Valeriano CM (2020) Comments on Meira VT, Garcia-Casco A, Hyppolito T, Juliani C, Schorscher JHD (2019) Tectono metamorphic evolution of the Central Ribeira Belt, Brazil: a case of Late Neoproterozoic intracontinental orogeny and flow of partially molten deep crust during the assembly of West Gondwana. Tectonics 39:e2019TC005897
Heilbron M., Soares ACP, Campos Neto M, Silva LC, Trouw R, Janasi VA (2004) Província Mantiqueira. In: Mantesso-Neto V, Bartorelli A, Carneiro CDR, Brito Neves BB (org). Geologia do Continente Sul Americano: Evolução da Obra de Fernando Flávio Marques de Almeida, 1st edn. São Paulo: Beca Produções Culturais Ltda., I:203–234
Heilbron M, Ribeiro A, Valeriano CM, Paciullo F, Almeida JCH, Trouw R, Tupinambá M, Silva LGE (2017) The Ribeira Belt. In: Heilbron M, Cordani U, Alkimim FF (org). São Francisco Craton, Eastern Brazil Tectonic Genealogy of a Miniature Continent, 1st edn. Springer, 1:277–304
Heilbron M, Valeriano CM, Peixoto C, Tupinambá M, Neubauer F, Dussin I, Corrales F, Bruno H, Lobato M, Almeida JCH, Silva LGE (2020) Neoproterozoic magmatic arc systems of the central Ribeira Belt, SE Brazil, in the context of the West Gondwana pre-collisional history: a review. J S Am Earth Sci 103:102710
Hellebrand E, Snow JE, Mostefaoui HP (2005) Trace element distribution between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in peridotites from the Gakkel Ridge: a SIMS and NanoSIMS study. Contrib Mineral Petrol 150:486–504
Henrique-Pinto R, Janasi VA, Vasconcellos ACBC, Sawyer EW, Barnes SJ, Basei MAS, Tassinari CCG (2015) Zircon provenance in meta-sandstones of the São Roque Domain: implications for the Proterozoic evolution of the Ribeira Belt, SE Brazil. Precambrian Res 256:271–288
Heron PJ (2018) Mantle plumes and mantle dynamics in the Wilson cycle. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 470(1):87–103
Holland TJB, Powell R (2011) An improved and extended internally consistent thermodynamic dataset for phases of petrological interest, involving a new equation of state for solids. J Metamorph Geol 29:333–383
Holland TJB, Green ECR, Powell R (2018) Melting of peridotites through to granites: a simple thermodynamic model in the system KNCFMASHTOCr. J Petrol 59:881–900. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egy048
Hunt L, Stachel T, Morton R, Grütter H, Creaser RA (2009) The Carolina kimberlite, Brazil – Insights into an unconventional diamond deposit. Lithos 112(2):843–851
Hunt L, Stachel T, Grütter H, Armstrong J, McCandless TE, Simonetti A, Tappe S (2012) Small mantle fragments from the Renard kimberlites, Quebec: Powerful recorders of mantle lithosphere formation and modification beneath the Eastern Superior Craton. J Petrol 53(8):1597–1635
Jacob DE, Foley SF (1999) Evidence for Archean ocean crust with low high field strength element signature from diamondiferous eclogite xenoliths. Lithos 48:317–336
Janasi VA, Leite RJ, Van Schmus WR (2001) U-Pb ages and chronostratigraphy of the granitic magmatism in the Agudos Grandes batholith (W of Sao Paulo, Brazil)- implications for the evolution of the Ribeira Belt. J S Am Earth Sci 14(4):363–376
Janasi VA, Freitas VA, Heaman LH (2011) The onset of flood basalt volcanism, Northern Paraná Basin, Brazil: A precise U Pb baddeleyite/zircon age for a Chapecó-type dacite. Earth Planet Sci Lett 302:147–153
Jennings ES, Holland TJB (2015) A simple thermodynamic model for melting of peridotite in the system NCFMASOCr. J Petrol 56:869–892
Jennings ES, Holland TJB, Shorttle O, Maclennan J, Gibson SA (2016) The composition of melts from a heterogeneous mantle and the origin of ferropicrite: application of a thermodynamic model. J Petrol 57:2289–2310
Kaminsky FV, Sablukov SM, Belousova EA, Andreazza P, Tremblay M, Griffin WL (2010) Kimberlitic sources of super-deep diamonds in the Juina area, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Lithos 114:16–29
Kesson SE, Ringwood AE (1989) Slab-mantle interactions: 2. The formation of diamonds. Chem Geol 78(2), 97–118.Lamotte DF, Fourdan B, Leleu S, Leparmentier F, Clarens P (2015) Style of rifting and the stages of Pangea breakup. Tectonics 34:1009–1029
Leonardos OH, Carvalho JB, Tallarico FHB, Gibson SA, Thompson RN, Meyer HOA, Dickin AP (1993) O xenólito de granada Iherzolito de Três Ranchos 4: uma rocha matriz do diamante na província magmática cretacea do Alto Paranaíba. In: I Simpósio de Geologia do Diamante, 1, Cuiabá. Annals, p. 3–16
Liang Y, Sun C, Yao L (2013) A REE-in-two-pyroxene thermometer for mafic and ultramafic rocks. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 102:246–260
Liu S, Tommasi A, Vauchez A, Mazzucchelli M (2019) Crust-mantle coupling during continental convergence and break-up: constraints from peridotite xenoliths from the Borborema Province, northeast Brazil. Tectonophysics 766:249–269
McDonough WF, Sun S-s (1995) The composition of the Earth. Chem Geol 120:223–253
Meira VT, García-Casco A, Juliani C, Almeida RP, Schorscher JHD (2015) The role of intracontinental deformation in supercontinent assembly: insights from the Ribeira Belt, southeastern Brazil (Neoproterozoic West Gondwana). Terra Nova 27(3):206–217
Mercier J (1980) Single-pyroxene thermobarometry. Tectonophysics 70:1–37
Nannini F (2016) Geologia e petrologia de xenólitos mantélicos da Província Ígnea do Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. PhD thesis, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo
Ngonge ED, Hollanda MHBM, Pimentel MM, Oliveira DC (2016) Petrogenesis of the alkaline rocks of the Macau volcanic field, NE Brazil. Lithos 266–267:453–470
Ngonge ED, Hollanda MHBM, Puchtel IS, Walker RJ, Archanjo CJ (2019) Characteristics of the lithospheric mantle beneath northeastern Borborema Province, Brazil: Re-Os and HSE constraints on peridotite xenoliths. J S Am Earth Sci 96:102371
Norman MD (1998) Melting and metasomatism in the continental lithosphere: laser ablation ICPMS analysis of minerals in spinel lherzolites from eastern Australia. Contrib Mineral Petrol 130:240–255
Palin RM, Weller OM, Waters DJ, Dyck B (2016) Quantifying geological uncertainty in metamorphic phase equilibria modelling; a Monte Carlo assessment and implications for tectonic interpretations. Geosci Front 7(4):591–607
Pearson DG, Canil D, Shirey SB (2014) 3.5 — mantle samples included in volcanic rocks: xenoliths and diamonds. In: Holland HD, Turekian KK (eds). Treatise on Geochemistry Elsevier, 2nd edn. Oxford,169–253
Powell R, Holland TJB (1994) Optimal Geothermometry and Geobarometry Am Mineral 79:120–133
Raposo MIB (2017) Magnetic fabrics of the Cretaceous dike swarms from São Paulo coastline (SE Brazil): Its relationship with South Atlantic Ocean opening. Tectonophysics 721:395–414
Regelous M (1993) Geochemistry of dolerites from the Paraná flood basalt province, southern Brazil. Unpublished PhD thesis, Open University
Ricardo BS. Faleiros FM, Moraes R, Siga Junior O, Campanha GAC (2020) Tectonic implications of juxtaposed high- and low-pressure metamorphic field gradient rocks in the Turvo-Cajati Formation, Curitiba Terrane, Ribeira Belt, Brazil. Precambrian Res 345:105766
Rivalenti G, Mazzucchelli M, Girardi VAV, Vannucci R, Barbieri MA, Zanetti A, Goldstein SL (2000) Composition and processes of the mantle lithosphere in northeastern Brazil and Fernando de Noronha: evidence from mantle xenoliths. Contrib Mineral Petrol 138:308–325
Rocha MP, Schimmel M, Assumpção M (2011) Upper-mantle seismic structure beneath SE and Central Brazil from P- and S-wave regional traveltime tomography. Geophys J Int 184:268–286
Schmidberger SS, Simonetti A, Heaman LM, Creaser RA, Whiteford S (2007) Lu–Hf, in-situ Sr and Pb isotope and trace element systematics for mantle eclogites from the Diavik diamond mine: evidence for Paleoproterozoic subduction beneath the Slave craton, Canada. Earth Planet Sci Lett 254:55–68
Siga Junior O (1995) Domínios tectônicos do sudeste do Paraná e nordeste de Santa Catarina: geocronologia e evolução crustal. PhD thesis, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de São Paulo. 212 p
Simakov S, Dolivo-Dobrovolsky M (2009) PTQuick. Versions 1.4.0.5 (PTQuick.exe), 1.4.0.12 (PTools.dll), http://dimadd.ru/en/Programs/ptquick
Simon NSC, Carlson RW, Pearson DG, Davies GR (2007) The origin and evolution of the Kaapvaal cratonic lithospheric mantle. J Petrol 48(3):589–625
Smart KA, Chacko T, Simonetti A, Sharp ZD, Heaman LM (2014) A record of paleoproterozoic subduction preserved in the Northern Slave Cratonic Mantle: Sr-Pb-O isotope and trace-element investigations of eclogite xenoliths from the Jericho and Muskox kimberlites. J Petrol 55:549–583
Smart KA, Tappe S, Simonetti A, Simonetti SS, Woodland AB, Harris C (2017) Tectonic significance and redox state of Paleoproterozoic eclogite and pyroxenite components in the Slave cratonic mantle lithosphere, Voyageur kimberlite, Arctic Canada. Chem Geol 455:98–119
Smith CB (1983) Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic evidence for sources of Southern African Cretaceous Kimberlites. Nature 304(5921):51–54
Stacey JS, Kramers JD (1975) Approximation of terrestrial lead isotope Evolution by a two-stage model. Earth Planet Sci Lett 26:207–221
Sun S-S, McDonough WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders AD, Norry MJ (eds) Magmatism in the ocean basins. Geological Society of London, London, 42:313–345
Tappe S, Smart KA, Pearson DG, Steenfelt A, Simonetti A (2011) Craton formation in Late Archean subduction zones revealed by first Greenland eclogites. Geology 39:1103–1106
Thompson RN, Gibson SA, Mitchell JG, Dickin AP, Leonardos OH, Brod JA, Greenwood JC (1998) Migrating Cretaceous-Eocene magmatism in the Serra do Mar Alkaline Province, SE Brazil: Melts from the deflected Trindade mantle plume? J Petrol 39:1493–1526
Tommasi A, Vauchez A (2015) Heterogeneity and anisotropy in the lithospheric mantle. Tectonophysics 661:11–37
Vauchez A, Tommasi A, Mainprice D (2012) Faults (shear zones) in the Earth´s mantle. Tectonophysics 558–559:1–27
Vicentini CM (2015) Caracterização geoquímica e isotópica (Sr-Nd-Pb) dos litotipos subalcalinos diferenciados do enxame da Serra do Mar. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas. Universidade de São Paulo, Dissertação de Mestrado, p 94
Wang C, Liang Y, Xu W (2015) On the significance of temperatures derived from major element and REE based two-pyroxene thermometers for mantle xenoliths from the North China Craton. Lithos 224–225:101–113
Wells PRA (1977) Pyroxene thermometry in simple and complex systems. Contrib Mineral Petr 62:129–139
Whitney DL, Evans BW (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. Am Mineral 95:185–187. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2010.3371
Zhang H, Zheng J, Pan S, Lu J, Li Y, Xiang L, Lin A (2017) Compositions and processes of lithospheric mantle beneath the west Cathaysia block, southeast China. Lithos 286–287:241–251
Ziberna L, Klemme S (2016) Application of thermodynamic modelling to natural mantle xenoliths: examples of density variations and pressure–temperature evolution of the lithospheric mantle. Contrib Mineral Petr 171:16
Ziberna L, Klemme S, Nimis P (2013) Garnet and spinel in fertile and depleted mantle: insights from thermodynamic modelling. Contrib Mineral Petr 166:411–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-013-0882-5
Acknowledgements
The present study was financially supported by Grants 2006/01925-4, 2007/00635-5, 2018/10012-0, and 2019/22084-8, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). VAJ, FMF, and RM thank the research productivity scholarship Grants 306102/2019-6, 307732/2019-3, and 305720/2020-1, respectively, and National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq). We thank Maria Irene Bartolomeu Raposo for the whole-rock compositional data of the lamprophyre dike. The paper was substantially improved following detailed comments and suggestions by Katie Smart and Gerhard Peter Brey. We thank Editor Wolf-Christian Dullo for his guidance during the editorial process.
Funding
The present study was financially supported by Grants 2006/01925–4, 2007/00635–5, 2018/10012–0, and 2019/22084–8, São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
VVA—conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and writing; VAJ—conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and writing; FMF—conceptualization, methodology, investigation, and writing; AS—methodology, investigation, and writing; RM—investigation and writing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Availability of data and materials
The results of mineral electron microprobe analyses, trace elements in minerals by LA-ICP-MS, and Pb isotopes in clinopyroxene are available in this article and in its Supplementary file.
Code availability
Not applicable.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Almeida, V.V., de Assis Janasi, V., Faleiros, F.M. et al. Composition and thermal evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Ribeira Belt, SE Brazil: evidence from spinel peridotite xenoliths. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 111, 1057–1077 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02171-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-022-02171-8