Abstract
Located in northern Vietnam, the Fansipan mountain range is the highest topography in the Indochina area. Until recently, there has been limited research regarding the tectonic deformation of the Fansipan mountain range and whether there are notable surface ruptures or active faults in the area. This study provides the first insight into the deformation patterns and potential active movements of the Fansipan mountain range, and may improve our understanding of the overall tectonic activities in northern Vietnam. Our observations from ASTER 30-m DEM show a symmetrical mountain form in the north and an asymmetrical form in the south. The analysis of river profiles indicates similar patterns on both sides in the north and different patterns in the south with short and steep rivers on the SW side and long and gentle rivers on the NE side. The results of the normalized steepness index (ksn) also show higher values on the SW side of the south part than the values from the other sides. These results suggest a spatial variation in rock uplift patterns of the Fansipan mountain range. Notably, the mountain front of the SW side of the southern Fansipan mountain range is associated with the Phong Tho-Nam Pia normal fault, suggesting that the normal faulting activity likely played an important role in tectonic uplift of this high mountain range. Our investigation of the stress field using fault kinematics indicates that the Fansipan mountain range and its surrounding areas are undergoing an inhomogeneous mixture of strike-slip and normal faulting. It is proposed that the strike-slip and normal motions alternated because of a permutation of σ1/σ2 under the same extensional stress regime of approximately NE–SW σ3. This kinematic pattern may effectively control the recent tectonic movements in northern Vietnam.
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan under project numbers 106-2116-M-001-020, 107-2116-M-001-002, 107-2119-M-001-048 and Thematic Project of Academia Sinica (AS-TP-108-M08) to Yu-Chang Chan, as well as MOST108-2628-M-008-002-MY2 to Chih-Tung Chen. We are very grateful for the constructive and helpful comments by Yang Wang and an anonymous reviewer, who have helped improve the focus and presentation of this contribution. We are grateful to Meng-Wan Yeh of National Taiwan Normal University for her comments and support. We would like to thank the Taiwan International Graduate Program and the Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan for their support.
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Dinh, TH., Chan, YC., Chang, CP. et al. Deformation patterns and potential active movements of the Fansipan mountain range, northern Vietnam. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 110, 35–51 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01931-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01931-8