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Evolution of the Quaternary silicic volcanic complex of Shiribetsu, Hokkaido, Japan: an example of ignimbrite shield volcanoes in an island arc setting

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Abstract

This paper describes the geology and eruptive history of a Quaternary silicic volcanic complex at Shiribetsu, Hokkaido, Japan, with a focus on volcanic landforms produced by silicic explosive eruptions that were not associated with caldera collapse. The Shiribetsu volcanic complex comprises a dacitic pyroclastic plateau and an overlying dacitic central dome complex. The pyroclastic plateau is 22 × 25 km in size, < 200 m high, and consists of two ignimbrite units (the Km-1 and Km-2 deposits; SiO2 = 67–68 wt%; total volume ~ 10 km3). The central dome complex is 4–5 km wide, rises to 650 m above the pyroclastic plateau, and comprises two adjoining edifices, which are East and West Shiribetsu (SiO2 = 62–64 wt%; total volume = 1.6 km3). East Shiribetsu has a conical morphology, whereas West Shiribetsu comprises lava flows and a dome, and has a large amphitheater. A debris avalanche deposit (volume = 1 km3) extends from the amphitheater to the western foot of West Shiribetsu. A dacitic lava dome (volume = 0.2 km3) occurs within the amphitheater. According to the stratigraphic relationships and new fission-track dating, the Shiribetsu volcanic complex evolved as follows: (1) dacitic explosive eruptions at ca. 130 ka (Km-2) and 70 ka (Km-1) produced the pyroclastic plateau; (2) effusive dacitic eruptions at 70 ka (East Shiribetsu) and 60 ka (West Shiribetsu) produced the central dome complex; (3) sector collapse occurred at West Shiribetsu at 50–60 ka; and (4) lava dome formation within the amphitheater at 50 ka. The evolution of the Shiribetsu volcanic complex resembles that of ignimbrite shield volcanoes in the central Andes. Shiribetsu may be the first identified example of ignimbrite shield volcanoes in an island arc setting. We suggest that these are an independent class of explosive silicic volcanoes, distinct from calderas, and form above small magma chambers.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Shanaka de Silva (Oregon State University), Stephen Self (University of California at Berkeley), and Jacob Lowenstern (USGS) for their constructive discussions on ignimbrite shields. S. Haraoka, Y. Sasaki, J. Maeno, and T. Koga (Muroran Institute of Technology, Japan) are thanked for assistance with the geological survey. H. Iwano and Y. Danhara (Kyoto Fission-Track, Kyoto, Japan) and T. Hirata (University of Tokyo, Japan) are thanked for technical support and scientific advice with fission-track dating. Comments by Dávid Karátson (Eötvös Loránd University) and an anonymous referee significantly improved the manuscript. This research was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (MEXT; JSPS KAKENHI Grant number JP16K05616 to AT and JP19K03983 to YG), and financially supported by the Muroran Institute of Technology.

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  1. Muroran Institute of Technology, Mizumoto-cho 27-1, Muroran, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan

    Yoshihiko Goto & Masaaki Miyoshi

  2. Kyoto Fission-Track, Minamitajiri-cho 44-4, Omiya, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8832, Japan

    Tohru Danhara

  3. Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8567, Japan

    Akihiko Tomiya

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Goto, Y., Miyoshi, M., Danhara, T. et al. Evolution of the Quaternary silicic volcanic complex of Shiribetsu, Hokkaido, Japan: an example of ignimbrite shield volcanoes in an island arc setting. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 109, 2619–2642 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01906-9

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