Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Redox conditions and climate control on organic matter accumulation and depletion during the Toarcian in the Qiangtang Basin, eastern Tethys

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Toarcian (Early Jurassic) sediments are regarded as the most significant hydrocarbon source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin, Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. In this study, geochemical and mineralogical data are reported from the Middle to Late Toarcian organic-lean sediments in the Qiangtang Basin, eastern Tethys. Combined with previous studies, the factors that control organic matter (OM) accumulation during the Toarcian are investigated. The Early Toarcian organic-rich sediments were deposited in stratified water column with oxygen-deficient bottom water, which was conducive to OM preservation. A warm and humid paleoclimatic condition favored the growth of organisms, which in turn could enhance the surficial biotic productivity. During the Middle to Late Toarcian, oxic waterbody was widely distributed in the Qiangtang Basin. This condition was unbeneficial to the preservation of OM. During this interval, a cold–arid climate had an adverse effect on organism growth, which in turn would reduce the initial productivity of surface water. The consistently low Ti/Al and Si/Al ratios revealed restricted but rather homogeneous clastic influx conditions during the Toarcian. This may suggest that the dilution of terrigenous material input had a little influence on OM accumulation. In addition, the differential enrichment of OM between shales and marls should attribute to carbonate dilution. These studies emphasize that redox conditions and paleoclimatic conditions were likely responsible for OM accumulation during the Toarcian.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Algeo TJ, Ingall E (2007) Sedimentary Corg:P ratios, paleocean ventilation, and phanerozoic atmospheric pO2. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 256:130–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Bond DPG, Wignall PB (2010) Pyrite framboid study of marine Permian-Triassic boundary sections: a complex anoxic event and its relationship to contemporaneous mass extinction. Geol Soc Am Bull 122:1265–1279

    Google Scholar 

  • Brumsack HJ (2006) The trace metal content of recent organic carbon-rich sediments: implications for cretaceous black shale formation. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 232:344–361

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvert SE, Pedersen TF (1993) Geochemistry of recent oxic and anoxic sediments: implications for the geological record. Mar Geol 113:67–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen C, Mu CL, Zhou KK, Liang W, Ge XY, Wang XP, Wang QY, Zheng BS (2016) The geochemical characteristics and factors controlling the organic matter accumulation of the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian black shale in the Upper Yangtze Basin, South China. Mar Pet Geol 76:159–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Condie KC (1991) Another look at rare earth elements in shales. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 55:2527–2531

    Google Scholar 

  • Cullen JT, Paul Field M, Sherrell RM (2001) Determination of trace elements in filtered suspended marine particulate material by sector field HR-ICP-MS. J Anal At Spectrom 16:1307–1312

    Google Scholar 

  • Delaney ML (1998) Phosphorus accumulation in marine sediments and the oceanic phosphorus cycle. Glob Biogeochem Cycles 12:563–572

    Google Scholar 

  • Ding WL, Wan H, Su AG, He ZH (2011) Characteristics of Triassic marine source rocks and prediction of favorable source kitchens in Qiangtang Basin, Tibet. Energy Explor Exploit 29:143–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Ding JH, Zhang JC, Tang X, Huo ZP, Han SB, Lang Y, Zheng YY, Li XQ, Liu T (2018) Elemental geochemical evidence for depositional conditions and organic matter enrichment of black rock series strata in an inter-platform basin: the Lower Carboniferous Datang Formation, southern Guizhou, southwest China. Minerals 8:509. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110509

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doner Z, Kumral M, Demirel IH, Hu QH (2019) Geochemical characteristics of the Silurian shales from the central Taurides, southern Turkey: organic matter accumulation, preservation and depositional environment modeling. Mar Pet Geol 102:155–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Du BW, Peng QH, Xie SK, Zeng B (2014) The Quse shale gas resource potential of Lower Jurassic in southern Qiangtang Basin, Tibet. Xin Jiang Pet Geol 35:144–148 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fedo CM, Wayne Nesbitt H, Young GM (1995) Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance. Geology 23:921–924

    Google Scholar 

  • Föllmi KB (1996) The phosphorus cycle, phosphogenesis and marine phosphate-rich deposits. Earth Sci Rev 40:55–124

    Google Scholar 

  • French KL, Sepúlveda J, Trabucho-Alexandre J, Gröcke DR, Summons RE (2014) Organic geochemistry of the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event in Hawsker Bottoms, Yorkshire, England. Earth Planet Sci Lett 390:116–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu XG, Wang J, Tan FW, Chen M, Chen WB (2010) The Late Triassic rift-related volcanic rocks from eastern Qiangtang, northern Tibet (China): age and tectonic implications. Gondwana Res 17:135–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu XG, Wang J, Zeng YH, Tan FW, Feng XL (2012) Source regions and the sedimentary paleoenvironment of marine oil shale from the Bilong Co area, northern Tibet, China: an Sr–Nd isotopic study. Oil Shale 29:306–321

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu XG, Tan FW, Feng XL, Wang D, Chen WB, Song CY, Zeng SQ (2014a) Early Jurassic anoxic conditions and organic accumulation in the eastern Tethys. Int Geol Rev 56:1450–1465

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu XG, Wang J, Chen WB, Feng XL, Wang D, Song CY, Zeng SQ (2014b) Organic accumulation in lacustrine rift basin: constraints from mineralogical and multiple geochemical proxies. Int J Earth Sci 104:495–511

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu XG, Wang J, Chen WB, Feng XL, Wang D, Song CY, Zeng SQ (2016a) Elemental geochemistry of the early Jurassic black shales in the Qiangtang Basin, eastern Tethys: constraints for palaeoenvironment conditions. Geol J 51:443–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu XG, Wang J, Feng XL, Wang D, Chen WB, Song CY, Zeng SQ (2016b) Early Jurassic carbon-isotope excursion in the Qiangtang Basin (Tibet), the eastern Tethys: implications for the Toarcian Oceanic anoxic event. Chem Geol 442:62–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu XG, Wang J, Tan FW, Chen M, Li ZX, Zeng YH, Feng XL (2016c) New insights about petroleum geology and exploration of Qiangtang Basin, northern Tibet, China: a model for low-degree exploration. Mar Pet Geol 77:323–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu XG, Wang J, Zeng SQ, Feng XL, Wang D, Song CY (2017) Continental weathering and palaeoclimatic changes through the onset of the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event in the Qiangtang Basin, eastern Tethys. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 487:241–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu XG, Wang J, Wen HG, Wang ZW, Zeng SQ, Song CY, Wang D, Nie Y (2019) Carbon-isotope record and paleoceanographic changes prior to the OAE 1a in the Eastern Tethys: implication for the accumulation of organic-rich sediments. Mar Pet Geol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallego-Torres D, Reolid M, Nieto-Moreno V, Martínez-Casado FJ (2015) Pyrite framboid size distribution as a record for relative variations in sedimentation rate: an example on the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in Southiberian Palaeomargin. Sediment Geol 330:59–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Guan CG, Zhou CM, Wang W, Wan B, Yuan XL, Chen Z (2014) Fluctuation of shelf basin redox conditions in the early Ediacaran: evidence from Lantian formation black shales in South China. Precambr Res 245:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • He JH, Ding WL, Jiang ZX, Jiu K, Li A, Sun YX (2017) Mineralogical and chemical distribution of the \({\text{Es}}_{{\text{3}}}^{{\text{L}}}\) oil shale in the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin (E China): implications for paleoenvironmental reconstruction and organic matter accumulation. Mar Pet Geol 81:196–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Hesselbo SP, Grocke DR, Jenkyns HC, Bjerrum CJ, Farrimond P, Morgans Bell HS, Green OR (2000) Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event. Nature 406:392–395

    Google Scholar 

  • Howarth MK (1992) The Ammonite family Hildoceratidae in the Lower Jurassic of Britain. Monography of the Palaeontographical Society, London, p 152

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang JJ (2001) Structural characteristics of the basement of the Qiangtang Basin. Acta Geol Sin 75:333–337 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang YG, Chen ZQ, Algeo TJ, Zhao LS, Baud A, Bhat GM, Zhang L, Guo Z (2019) Two-stage marine anoxia and biotic response during the Permian-Triassic transition in Kashmir, northern India: pyrite framboid evidence. Global Planet Change 172:124–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Izumi K, Endo K, Kemp DB, Inui M (2018) Oceanic redox conditions through the late Pliensbachian to early Toarcian on the northwestern Panthalassa margin: insights from pyrite and geochemical data. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 493:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkyns HC (1988) The early Toarcian (Jurassic) anoxic event: stratigraphic, sedimentary, and geochemical evidence. Am J Sci 288:101–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia JL, Liu ZJ, Bechtel A, Strobl SAI, Sun PC (2013) Tectonic and climate control of oil shale deposition in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (Songliao Basin, NE China). Int J Earth Sci 102:1717–1734

    Google Scholar 

  • Kapp P, Yin A, Manning CE, Mark Harrison T, Taylor MH, Ding L (2003) Tectonic evolution of the early Mesozoic blueschist-bearing Qiangtang metamorphic belt, central Tibet. Tectonics 22:1043. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002TC001383

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kimura T (1998) Relationships between inorganic elements and minerals in coals from the Ashibetsu district, Ishikari coal field, Japan. Fuel Process Technol 56:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Lash GG, Blood DR (2014) Organic matter accumulation, redox, and diagenetic history of the Marcellus Formation, southwestern Pennsylvania, Appalachian basin. Mar Pet Geol 57:244–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Yang SY (2010) Is chemical index of alteration (CIA) a reliable proxy for chemical weathering in global drainage basins? Am J Sci 310:111–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Li XF, Gang WZ, Yao JL, Gao G, Wang CC, Li JY, Liu Y, Guo Y, Yang SR (2020) Major and trace elements as indicators for organic matter enrichment of marine carbonate rocks: a case study of Ordovician subsalt marine formations in the central-eastern Ordos Basin, North China. Mar Pet Geol 111:461–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu WQ, Yao JX, Tong JN, Qiao Y, Chen Y (2019) Organic matter accumulation on the Dalong Formation (Upper Permian) in western Hubei, South China: constraints from multiple geochemical proxies and pyrite morphology. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 514:677–689

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüning S, Kolonic S, Loydell DK, Craig J (2003) Reconstruction of the original organic richness in weathered Silurian shale outcrops (Murzuq and Kufra basins, southern Libya). GeoArabia 8:299–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma YQ, Lu YC, Liu XF, Zhai GY, Wang YF, Zhang C (2019) Depositional environment and organic matter enrichment of the lower Cambrian Niutitang shale in western Hubei Province, South China. Mar Pet Geol 109:381–393

    Google Scholar 

  • Mailliot S, Mattioli E, Bartolini A, Baudin F, Pittet B, Guex J (2009) Late Pliensbachian-Early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) environmental changes in an epicontinental basin of NW Europe (Causses area, central France): a micropaleontological and geochemical approach. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 273:346–364

    Google Scholar 

  • McLennan SM, Hemming S, McDanniel DK, Hanson GN (1993) Geochemical approaches to sedimentation, provenance, and tectonics. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 284:21–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng QT, Liu ZJ, Bruch AA, Liu R, Hu F (2012) Palaeoclimatic evolution during Eocene and its influence on oil shale mineralisation, Fushun basin, China. J Asian Earth Sci 45:95–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Montero-Serrano JC, Föllmi KB, Adatte T, Spangenberg JE, Tribovillard N, Fantasia A, Suan G (2015) Continental weathering and redox conditions during the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in the northwestern Tethys: insight from the Posidonia Shale section in the Swiss Jura Mountains. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 429:83–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray RW, Leinen M, Isern AR (1993) Biogenic flux of Al to sediment in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean: evidence for increased productivity during glacial episodes. Paleoceanography 8:651–670

    Google Scholar 

  • Nesbitt HW, Young GM (1982) Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature 299:715–717

    Google Scholar 

  • Nesbitt HW, Young GM (1984) Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:1523–1534

    Google Scholar 

  • Nesbitt HW, Young GM (1989) Formation and diagenesis of weathering profiles. J Geol 97:129–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngueutchoua G, Bessa AZE, Eyong JT, Zandjio DD, Djaoro HB, Nfada LT (2019) Geochemistry of cretaceous fine-grained siliciclastic rocks from Upper Mundeck and Logbadjeck Formations, Douala sub-basin, SW Cameroon: implications for weathering intensity, provenance, paleoclimate, redox condition, and tectonic setting. J Afr Earth Sci 152:215–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Och LM, Shields-Zhou GA (2012) The Neoproterozoic oxygenation event: environmental perturbations and biogeochemical cycling. Earth Sci Rev 110:26–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Panahi A, Young GM, Rainbird RH (2000) Behavior of major and trace elements (including REE) during Paleoproterozoic pedogenesis and diagenetic alteration of an Archean granite near Ville Marie, Québec, Canada. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64:2199–2220

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakociński M, Zatoń M, Marynowski L, Gedl P, Lehmann J (2018) Redox conditions, productivity, and volcanic input during deposition of uppermost Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous organic-rich siltstones in Spitsbergen, Norway. Cretac Res 89:126–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Rietveld HM (1969) A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. J Appl Crystallogr 2:65–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy DK, Roser BP (2013) Climatic control on the composition of Carboniferous-Permian Gondwana sediments, Khalaspir basin, Bangladesh. Gondwana Res 23:1163–1171

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruan CD, Ward CR (2002) Quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analysis of clay minerals in Australian coals using Rietveld methods. Appl Clay Sci 21:227–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruebsam W, Müller T, Kovács J, Pálfy J, Schwark L (2018) Environmental response to the early Toarcian carbon cycle and climate perturbations in the northeastern part of the West Tethys shelf. Gondwana Res 59:144–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarki Yandoka BM, Abdullah WH, Abubakar MB, Hakimi MH, Adegoke AK (2015) Geochemical characterisation of Early Cretaceous lacustrine sediments of Bima Formation, Yola Sub-basin, Northern Benue Trough, NE Nigeria: organic matter input, preservation, paleoenvironment and palaeoclimatic conditions. Mar Pet Geol 61:82–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoepfer SD, Shen J, Wei HY, Tyson RV, Ingall E, Algeo TJ (2015) Total organic carbon, organic phosphorus, and biogenic barium fluxes as proxies for paleomarine productivity. Earth Sci Rev 149:23–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer A (1980) The paleoclimatic interpretation of clay minerals in soils and weathering profiles. Earth Sci Rev 15:303–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Suan G, Rulleau L, Mattioli E, Suchéras-Marx B, Rousselle B, Pittet B, Vincent P, Martin JE, Léna A, Spangenberg JE, Föllmi K (2013) Palaeoenvironmental significance of Toarcian black shales and event deposits from southern Beaujolais, France. Geol Mag 150:728–742

    Google Scholar 

  • SY/T 6210-1996 (1996) Oil and gas standard of P.R. China: X-ray diffraction quantitative analysis methods of the clay minerals and common non-clay minerals in sedimentary rocks. Standards Press of China, Beijing (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi S, Si Yamasaki, Ogawa K, Kaiho K, Tsuchiya N (2015) Redox conditions in the end-Early Triassic Panthalassa. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 432:15–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan FW, Wang J, Wang XL, Du BW (2002) The Qiangtang Basin in Xizang as the target area for the oil and gas resources in China. Sediment Geol Tethyan Geol 22:16–21 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang J, Zhu LD, Yang WG, Zeng J, Tao G, Ji GZ (2013) Assessment of the source rocks from the Quse Formation in southern Qiangtang Basin on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Sediment Geol Tethyan Geol 33:86–92 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor SR, McLennan SM (1985) The continental crust: its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiry M (2000) Palaeoclimatic interpretation of clay minerals in marine deposits: an outlook from the continental origin. Earth Sci Rev 49:201–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Tribovillard N, Algeo TJ, Lyons T, Riboulleau A (2006) Trace metals as paleoredox and paleoproductivity proxies: an update. Chem Geol 232:12–32

    Google Scholar 

  • van de Schootbrugge B, McArthur JM, Bailey TR, Rosenthal Y, Wright JD, Miller KG (2005) Toarcian oceanic anoxic event: An assessment of global causes using belemnite C isotope records. Paleoceanography 20:3008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004pa001102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CS, Chang EZ, Zhang SN (1997) Potential oil and gas-bearing basins of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Int Geol Rev 39:876–890

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Tan FW, Li YL, Li YT, Chen M, Wang CS, Guo ZJ, Wang XL, Du BW, Zhu ZF (2004a) The potential of the oil and gas resources in major sedimentary basins on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Tan FW, Wang XL, Du BW, Chen M (2004b) The sedimentary and tectonic characteristics of Qiangtang Basin in the Early Jurassic in northern Xizang (Tibet). Acta Sedimentol Sin 22:198–205 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang J, Ding J, Wang CS, Tan FW, Chen M, Hu P, Li YL, Gao R, Fang H, Zhu LD, Li QS, Zhang MH, Du BW, Fu XG, Li ZX, Wan F (2009) Survey and evaluation on Tibet oil and gas resources. Geological Publishing House, Beijing (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZW, Wang J, Fu XG, Zhan WZ, Yu F, Feng XL, Song CY, Chen WB, Zeng SQ (2017) Organic material accumulation of Carnian mudstones in the North Qiangtang depression, eastern Tethys: controlled by the paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, and provenance. Mar Pet Geol 88:440–457

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang YX, Xu S, Hao F, Lu YB, Shu ZG, Yan DT, Lu YC (2019) Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of Wufeng-Longmaxi shales, Jiaoshiba area, southwest China: implications for organic matter differential accumulation. Mar Pet Geol 102:138–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei HY, Chen DZ, Wang JG, Yu H, Tucker ME (2012) Organic accumulation in the lower Chihsia Formation (Middle Permian) of South China: constraints from pyrite morphology and multiple geochemical proxies. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 353–355:73–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei HY, Wei XM, Qiu Z, Song HY, Shi G (2016) Redox conditions across the G-L boundary in South China: evidence from pyrite morphology and sulfur isotopic compositions. Chem Geol 440:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermann S, Stein M, Matera V, Fiet N, Fleitmann D, Adatte T, Föllmi KB (2013) Rapid changes in the redox conditions of the western Tethys Ocean during the early Aptian oceanic anoxic event. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 121:467–486

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkin RT, Barnes HL (1997) Formation processes of framboidal pyrite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 61:323–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkin RT, Barnes HL, Brantley SL (1996) The size distribution of framboidal pyrite in modern sediments: an indicator of redox conditions. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60:3897–3912

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu ZH, Ji CJ, Zhao Z, Yang YZ (2019) Main source rock and oil resource potential of the Bandaohu-Donghu area in the northern Qiangtang Basin. Acta Geol Sin 93:1738–1753 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu XT, Shao LY (2018) Limiting factors in utilization of chemical index of alteration of mudstones to quantify the degree of weathering in provenance. J Palaeogeogr 20:515–522 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu WM, Ruhl M, Jenkyns HC, Leng MJ, Huggett JM, Minisini D, Ullmann CV, Riding JB, Weijers JWH, Storm MS, Percival LME, Tosca NJ, Idiz EF, Tegelaar EW, Hesselbo SP (2018) Evolution of the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) carbon-cycle and global climatic controls on local sedimentary processes (Cardigan Bay Basin, UK). Earth Planet Sci Lett 484:396–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan DT, Wang H, Fu QL, Chen ZH, He J, Gao Z (2015) Geochemical characteristics in the Longmaxi Formation (Early Silurian) of South China: implications for organic matter accumulation. Mar Pet Geol 65:290–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang JH, Cawood PA, Du YS, Feng B, Yan JX (2014) Global continental weathering trends across the Early Permian glacial to postglacial transition: correlating high- and low-paleolatitude sedimentary records. Geology 42:835–838

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeomans JC, Bremner JM (1988) A rapid and precise method for routine determination of organic carbon in soil. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 19:1467–1476

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin A, Harrison TM (2000) Geologic evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 28:211–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin JR, Gao JH, Wang YS, Zhang SQ, Zheng CZ, Xu DB, Bai ZD, Sun LX, Su X (2006) Jurassic ammonites in anoxic black shales from Sewa and Ando, northern Tibet. Acta Palaeontol Sin 45:311–331 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin L, Li J, Tian H, Long XP (2018) Rhenium–osmium and molybdenum isotope systematics of black shales from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, SW China: evidence of a well oxygenated ocean at ca. 520 Ma. Chem Geol 499:26–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu F, Fu XG, Xu G, Wang ZW, Chen WB, Zeng SQ, Song CY, Feng XL, Wan YL, Li XR (2018) Geochemical, palynological and organic matter characteristics of the Upper Triassic Bagong Formation from the North Qiangtang Basin. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, Tibetan Plateau. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.12.002

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan W, Liu GD, Stebbins A, Xu LM, Niu XB, Luo WB, Li CZ (2017) Reconstruction of redox conditions during deposition of organic-rich shales of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 486:158–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Zeng SQ, Wang J, Fu XG, Chen WB, Feng XL, Wang D, Song CY, Wang ZW (2015) Geochemical characteristics, redox conditions, and organic matter accumulation of marine oil shale from the Changliang Mountain area, northern Tibet, China. Mar Pet Geol 64:203–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang K, Song Y, Jiang S, Jiang ZX, Jia CZ, Huang YZ, Wen M, Liu WW, Xie XL, Liu TL, Wang PF, Shan CA, Wu YH (2019a) Mechanism analysis of organic matter enrichment in different sedimentary backgrounds: a case study of the Lower Cambrian and the Upper Ordovician-Lower Silurian, in Yangtze region. Mar Pet Geol 99:488–497

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang LC, Xiao DS, Lu SF, Jiang S, Lu SD (2019b) Effect of sedimentary environment on the formation of organic-rich marine shale: insights from major/trace elements and shale composition. Int J Coal Geol 204:34–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao ZZ, Li YT, Ye HF, Zhang YW (2001) Tectonic characteristics and basin evolution of the Tibet Plateau. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao JH, Jin ZJ, Jin ZK, Geng YK, Wen X, Yan CN (2016) Applying sedimentary geochemical proxies for paleoenvironment interpretation of organic-rich shale deposition in the Sichuan Basin, China. Int J Coal Geol 163:52–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao ZL, Wen XH, Tang LS, Li BS, Niu DF, Meng J, Yang QJ (2018) Applicability of chemical alteration index to indication of paleoclimate change by different sedimentary facies. Acta Sedimentol Sin 36:343–353 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 91955204) and the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP), Grant No. 2019QZKK2704.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China

    Ying Nie, Wenli Xu & Huaguo Wen

  2. Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China

    Ying Nie, Wenli Xu & Huaguo Wen

  3. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China

    Xiugen Fu & Zhongwei Wang

  4. Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Chengdu, 610081, China

    Chunyan Song

  5. Key Laboratory for Sedimentary Basin and Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources, Chengdu, 610081, China

    Chunyan Song

Authors
  1. Ying Nie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiugen Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wenli Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Huaguo Wen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Zhongwei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Chunyan Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xiugen Fu or Wenli Xu.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 666 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nie, Y., Fu, X., Xu, W. et al. Redox conditions and climate control on organic matter accumulation and depletion during the Toarcian in the Qiangtang Basin, eastern Tethys. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 109, 1977–1990 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01884-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01884-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation