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Coexisting A1 and A2 granites of Kudaru Complex: implications for genetic and tectonic diversity of A-type granite in the Younger Granite province, north-central Nigeria

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Abstract

The Nigerian alkaline ring complexes have long been regarded as typical anorogenic A-type granite. However, uncertainty still surrounds many aspects of their petrogenesis and tectonic implication. In this paper, a combined study of whole rock geochemistry, Nd-Pb isotope and zircon U-Pb dating was carried out on the Kudaru ring complex from north-central Nigeria. The complex consists of mildly alkaline fayalite granite porphyry, peralkaline arfvedsonite granite and metaluminous biotite granite, which were emplaced between 176.9 ± 2.5 and 180.55 ± 0.6 Ma. These rocks are characterized by variably high alkalis, HFSEs, Ga/Al ratios, and zircon saturation temperature, typically of A-type granites. Notably, the popular subdivision scheme of A-type granite permits the discrimination of the alkaline-peralkaline granites as typical “A1-type” granites and the metaluminous granite as “A2-type”. These co-existing A1 and A2 granites show distinct isotopic compositions with less negative εNd (t) values and higher 206Pb/204Pb ratios for the former, indicating that the magma which gave rise to the A1 and A2 suites was derived from an enriched mantle source but modified to different extent during ascent. Notably, the coexistence of A1-A2 granites do not indicate discrete tectonic regimes (intraplate setting for A1 and post-orogenic setting for A2), but rather point to a significant role of crustal contamination, as seen also from the differences in Y/Nb ratios.

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modified from Zartman and Doe 1981); e Plots of Zr/Nb verses Nb/Th and f Th/Yb versus Nb/Yb (after Pearce 2008) showing the OIB affinity of Kudaru A-type granites. (Sye Syenite, Bt.gr biotite granite, Arfv. gr Arfvedsonite granite). Correlated data and ɛNd (t) range for Pan-African basement complex from Dickin et al. (1991). CHUR Chondrite Universal Reservoir; b–dDMM depleted end-member, EM I enriched mantle type I, EM II enriched mantle type II, MORB mid-ocean ridge basalt, PREMA prevalent mantle (primitive mantle segment), HIMU high U/Pb (U/Th) mantle, BSE proverbial bulk silicate Earth, N-MORB normal mid-oceanic ridge basalt, E-MORB enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt, OIB ocean-island basalt data from Sun and McDonough (1989), DM depleted mantle, MORB middle oceanic ridge basalt, HIMU high U/Pb mantle component, DEP deep depleted mantle, En enriched component, REC recycled component. Data source: The DM and mantle array, Zindler and Hart (1986); MORB, HIMU, Hart et al. (1992); OIB, Wilson (1989). Comparison data from Ningi-Bura, Jos-Bukuru and Banke were derived from Batchelor and Bowden (1986). Comparison data from Ririwai was derived from Ogunleye et al. (2006), comparison data from Zaranda was derived from Ahmed et al. (2019)

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Acknowledgement

The help of Mr. Jing Liu for thin section observation under microscope is deeply appreciated. We thank Wolf-Christian Dullo (Editor-in-Chief) for his editorial handling, P.O. Ogunleye and I. Garba for their constructive reviews. This work is financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 41530211, 41502046) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) (CUGCJ1711). The China Scholarship Council (CSC) is deeply appreciated for granting scholarship (201790057) for the first author.

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  1. School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, 430074, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China

    Vandi Dlama Kamaunji, Lian-Xun Wang, Hafizullah Abba Ahmed, Yu-Xiang Zhu, Victor Ikechukwu Vincent & Musa Bala Girei

  2. Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Mineralogy, 30167, Hannover, Germany

    Lian-Xun Wang

  3. Department of Geology, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, P.M.B. 2076, Yola, Nigeria

    Hafizullah Abba Ahmed

  4. Department of Geology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

    Musa Bala Girei

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Kamaunji, V.D., Wang, LX., Ahmed, H.A. et al. Coexisting A1 and A2 granites of Kudaru Complex: implications for genetic and tectonic diversity of A-type granite in the Younger Granite province, north-central Nigeria. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 109, 511–535 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01818-8

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