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Permian–Triassic red-stained albitized profiles in the granitic basement of NE Spain: evidence for deep alteration related to the Triassic palaeosurface

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Abstract

Extensive areas of the Variscan granitic basement in NE Spain display profiles of red-stained albitized facies characterized by albitization of Ca-plagioclase, chloritization of biotite and microclinization of orthoclase, along with the alteration of igneous quartz to secondary CL-dark quartz. These profiles have a geopetal structure beneath the Triassic unconformity, with a very intense and pervasive alteration in the upper part that progressively decreases with depth to 150–200 m where the alteration is restricted to the walls of fractures. The red albitized facies contains secondary maghemite and hematite that indicate oxidizing conditions. Dating of microclinized orthoclase and secondary monazite that have formed in the red-stained albitized facies yielded K–Ar and U–Th–Pbtotal ages of 240 and 250 Ma, respectively, suggesting that the alteration developed during the Permian–Triassic period. The geopetal disposition of the red albitized profile with respect to the Triassic unconformity, its large regional extent, and the fracture-controlled alteration in the lower part of the profile indicate groundwater interaction. The δ18O values of albitized plagioclase (+ 11‰), microclinized orthoclase (+ 13‰), and secondary CL-dark quartz (+ 12‰) suggest that the alteration temperature was about 55 °C. This “low” temperature suggests that the alteration occurred during interaction of the granitic rocks with Na-rich fluids below a surficial weathering mantle on the Permian–Triassic palaeosurface. The latter is possibly related to Triassic evaporitic environments in long-lasting, stable landscapes in which Na-rich solutions infiltrated deep regional groundwaters.

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Adapted from Yao (2013)

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The electronic supplementary information related to this article can be obtained in the datasets: Parcerisa et al. (2016) and Fàbrega et al. (2018).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank an anonymous reviewer and Douglas Elmore from University of Oklahoma, whose comments helped considerably to improve the focus of the paper. The authors are also indebted to Tony Milnes from University of Adelaide for his revision and helpful comments, and for language edition, that strengthened the manuscript. In addition, thanks to the technical staff of the Laboratorio General de Isotopos Estables of the Universidad de Salamanca (Spain) for the oxygen isotope CO2-fluorination analyses and their useful technical comments. We wish to thank Dr. Xavier Llobet of the CCiTUB of the Universitat de Barcelona (Spain) for his technical support in the EPMA analyses of silicates and the U–Th–Pbtotal monazite dating. Dr. Pura Alfonso, Escola Politècnica Superior d’Enginyeria de Manresa (Spain), for her support in analysing EPMA data. Abigail Jiménez, from the Escola Politècnica Superior d’Enginyeria de Manresa (Spain), for the preparation of the epoxi mounts for EPMA monazite analyses. Dr. Marc Poujol, from Geosciences Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, for the ICP-MS U/Pb and Th/Pb dating of our monazite internal standard and for sharing with us his knowledge about monazite dating. Dr. Carles Canet and Rufino Lozano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (México) for the LFRX analyses and their kind support. This research was performed within the framework of DIHIME (CGL2015-66355-C2-1-R) and FEIBOB projects (PGC2018-093903-B-C22) of DGICYT, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Gobierno de España and Grup Consolidat de Recerca “Geologia Sedimentària” (2017-SGR-824) and Grup de Recerca en Mineria Sostenible (2017-SGR-198) supported by the Comissionat per a Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departament d’Enginyeria Minera, Industrial i TIC, Escola Politècnica Superior d’Enginyeria de Manresa (UPC Campus Manresa), Av. Bases de Manresa, 61-73, 08242, Manresa, Spain

    Carles Fàbrega & David Parcerisa

  2. MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center of Geosciences, 35 rue St. Honoré, 77305, Fontainebleau, Cedex, France

    Médard Thiry & Christine Franke

  3. Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, UMR 7358, Université de Lorraine, 15 rue Notre-Dame des Pauvres, BP 20, 54501, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

    Andrey Gurenko

  4. Departament de Geologia, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain

    David Gòmez-Gras

  5. Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México, DF, Mexico

    Jesús Solé

  6. Laboratorio Nacional de Geoquímica y Mineralogía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México, DF, Mexico

    Jesús Solé

  7. Departament de Geoquímica, Petrologia i Prospecció Geològica, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Zona Universitària de Pedralbes, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Anna Travé

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  1. Carles Fàbrega
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Correspondence to David Parcerisa.

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Fàbrega, C., Parcerisa, D., Thiry, M. et al. Permian–Triassic red-stained albitized profiles in the granitic basement of NE Spain: evidence for deep alteration related to the Triassic palaeosurface. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 108, 2325–2347 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-019-01764-0

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