Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Deformation within the Cycladic subduction–exhumation channel: new insights from the enigmatic Makrotantalo nappe (Andros, Aegean)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

New detailed geological/structural mapping coupled with microstructural investigations and amphibole chemistry analyses are used to elucidate the enigmatic tectonic evolution of the Makrotantalo nappe on northern Andros (Aegean region). On the basis of the new geological map, we re-evaluate the structural position of samples with previously published metamorphic ages to show that the Makrotantalo nappe has been affected by the early Eocene high-pressure (HP) metamorphism. Therefore, the Makrotantalo nappe is an integral part of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU). The early, main ductile deformation phase recognized in the mapped area, is associated with the emplacement of the Makrotantalo nappe over the North Cyclades nappe at deep subduction levels during early Eocene. The subsequent deformation phase occurred at the middle Eocene–Oligocene synchronous with the decompression of blueschist rocks from the stability field of glaucophane to that of actinolite. During this phase, the nappe pile was folded by map-scale folds, which were locally transposed by ductile shear zones. These shear zones were related with NE-directed oblique thrusting and, locally, either restacked the nappe pile or reworked the early nappe contact. Our results in combination with previous studies in the northern Cyclades show that the top-to-the-NE shearing was dominant at a large part of the CBU during exhumation. Opposite, SW-directed shearing was restricted at the upper structural levels of the CBU. We suggest that the observed spatial variation in shear sense is compatible with NE- rather than SW-directed ductile extrusion of the CBU.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agostini S, Doglioni C, Innocenti F, Manetti P, Tonarini S (2010) On the geodynamics of the Aegean rift. Tectonophysics 488:7–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Altherr R, Schliestedt M, Okrusch M, Seidel E, Kreuzer H, Harre W, Lenz H, Wendt I, Wagner GA (1979) Geochronology of high-pressure rocks on Sifnos (Cyclades, Greece). Contrib Mineral Petrol 70:245–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Altherr R, Kreuzer H, Wendt I, Lenz H, Wendt I, Harre W, Dürr S (1994) Further evidence for a late Cretaceous low-pressure high-temperature terrane in the Cyclades, Greece. Chem Erde 54:319–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Altunkaynak S, Dilek Y (2006) Timing and nature of postcollisional volcanism in western Anatolia and geodynamic implications. In: Dilek Y, Pavlides S (eds) Postcollisional tectonics and magmatism in the Mediterranean region and Asia. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 409:321–351

  • Aravadinou E, Xypolias P (2017) Evolution of a passive crustal-scale detachment (Syros, Aegean region): Insights from structural and petrofabric analyses in the hanging-wall. J Struct Geol 103:57–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Aravadinou E, Xypolias P, Chatzaras V, Iliopoulos I, Gerogiannis N (2016) Ductile nappe stacking and refolding in the Cycladic Blueschist Unit: insights from Sifnos Island (south Aegean Sea). Int J Earth Sci 105:2075–2096

    Google Scholar 

  • Arslan A, Güngör T, Erdoğan B, Passchier CW (2013) Tectonic transport directions of the Lycian nappes in southwest Turkey constrained by kinematic indicators. J Asian Earth Sci 64:198–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashley KT, Caddick MJ, Steele-MacInnis MJ, Bodnar RJ, Dragovic B (2014) Geothermobarometric history of subduction recorded by quartz inclusions in garnet. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 15:350–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Avigad D, Garfunkel Z (1991) Uplift and exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic terrains: the example of the Cycladic blueschist belt (Aegean Sea). Tectonophysics 188:357–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Avigad D, Garfunkel Z, Jolivet L, Azañon JM (1997) Back arc extension and denudation of Mediterranean eclogites. Tectonics 16:924–941

    Google Scholar 

  • Bijwaard H, Spakman W, Engdahl ER (1998) Closing the gap between regional and global travel time tomography. J Geophys Res 103:30055–30078

    Google Scholar 

  • Black KN, Catlos EJ, Oyman T, Demirbilek M (2013) Timing Aegean extension: evidence from in situ U–Pb geochronology and cathodoluminescence imaging of granitoids from NW Turkey. Lithos 180–181:92–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Blake MC, Bonneau M, Geyssant J, Kienast JR, Lepvrier C, Maluski H, Papanikolaou D (1981) A geologic reconnaissance of the Cycladic blueschist belt, Greece. Geol Soc Am Bull 92:247–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonneau M (1982) Evolution géodynamique de l’arc égéen depuis le Jurassique Supérieur jusqu’ au Miocène. Bulletin de la Societé Géologique de France 7:229–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonneau M (1984) Correlation of the Hellenide nappes in the south-east Aegean and their tectonic reconstruction. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 1:517–527

    Google Scholar 

  • Bröcker M, Franz L (2006) Dating metamorphism and tectonic juxtaposition on Andros Island (Cyclades, Greece): results of a Rb–Sr study. Geol Mag 143:609–620

    Google Scholar 

  • Bröcker M, Pidgeon RT (2007) Protolith ages of meta-igneous and metatuffaceous rocks from the cycladic Blueschist Unit, Greece: results of a Reconnaissance U-Pb Zircon study. J Geol 115:83–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Bröcker M, Kreuzer H, Matthews A, Okrusch M (1993) 40Ar-39Ar and oxygen isotope studies of polymetamorphism from Tinos Island, Cycladic blueschist belt, Greece. J Metamorph Geol 11:223–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Bröcker M, Biebling D, Hacker B, Gans P (2004) High-Si phengite records the time of greenschist facies overprinting: implications for models suggesting megadetachments in the Aegean Sea. J Metamorph Geol 22:427–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Bröcker M, Baldwin S, Arkudas R (2013) The geological significance of 40Ar/39Ar and Rb-Sr white mica ages from Syros and Sifnos, Greece: a record of continuous (re)crystallization during exhumation? J Metamorph Geol 31:629–646

    Google Scholar 

  • Bröcker M, Huyskens M, Berndt J (2016) U-Pb dating of detrital zircons from Andros, Greece: constraints for the time of sediment accumulation in the northern part of the cycladic blueschist belt. Geol J 51:354–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown EH (1977) The crossite content of ca-amphibole as a guide to pressure of metamorphism. J Petrol 18:53–72

    Google Scholar 

  • Bulle F, Bröcker M, Gärtner C, Keasling A (2010) Geochemistry and geochronology of HP mélanges from Tinos and Andros, cycladic blueschist belt. Greece Lithos 117:61–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatzaras V, Xypolias P, Doutsos T (2006) Exhumation of high-pressure rocks under continuous compression: a working hypothesis for the southern Hellenides (central Crete, Greece). Geol Mag 143:859–876

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatzaras V, Xypolias P, Kokkalas S, Koukouvelas I (2011) Oligocene-Miocene thrusting in central Aegean: insights from the Cycladic island of Amorgos. Geol J 46:619–636

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatzaras V, Xypolias P, Kokkalas S, Koukouvelas I (2013a) Tectonic evolution of a crustal-scale oblique ramp, Hellenides thrust belt, Greece. J Struc Geol 57:16–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Chatzaras V, Dörr W, Finger F, Xypolias P, Zulauf G (2013b) U-Pb single zircon ages and geochemistry of metagranitoid rocks in the Cycladic Blueschists (Evia Island): implications for the Triassic tectonic setting of Greece. Tectonophysics 595–596:125–139

    Google Scholar 

  • Cliff RA, Bond CE, Butler RWH, Dixon JE (2017) Geochronological challenges posed by continuously developing tectonometamorphic systems: insights from Rb–Sr mica ages from the Cycladic Blueschist Belt, Syros (Greece). J Metamorph Geol 35:197–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Dilek Y, Altunkaynak S (2009) Geochemical and temporal evolution of Cenozoic magmatism in western Turkey: mantle response to collision, slab break-off, and lithospheric tearing in an orogenic belt. In: Van Hinsbergen DJJ, Edwards MA, Govers R (eds) Collision and collapse at the Africa–Arabia–Eurasia Subduction Zone. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 311:213–233

  • Doglioni C, Panza G (2015) Polarized Plate Tectonics. Adv Geophys. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agph.2014.12.001

    Google Scholar 

  • Doglioni C, Carminati E, Cuffaro M, Scrocca D (2007) Subduction kinematics and dynamic constraints. Earth Sci Rev 83:125–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Doutsos T, Piper G, Boronkay K, Koukouvelas I (1993) Kinematics of the Central Hellenides. Tectonics 12:936–953

    Google Scholar 

  • Doutsos T, Koukouvelas I, Zelilidas A, Kontopoulos N (1994) Intracontinental wedging and post-orogenic collapse in the Mesohellenic Trough. Geol Rundsch 83:257–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Dragovic B, Baxter EF, Caddick MJ (2015) Pulsed dehydration and garnet growth during subduction revealed by zoned garnet geochronology and thermodynamic modeling, Sifnos, Greece. Earth Planet Sci Lett 413:111–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Dürr S (1986) Das Attisch–Kykladische Kristallin. In: Jacobshagen V (ed) Geologie von Griechenland. Bornträger, Berlin, pp 116–148

    Google Scholar 

  • ElGabry MN, Panza GF, Badawy AA, Korrat IM (2013) Imaging a relic of complex tectonics: the lithosphere asthenosphere structure in the Eastern Mediterranean. Terra Nova 25:102–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Faccenna C, Jolivet L, Piromallo C, Morelli A (2003) Subduction and the depth of convection of the Mediterranean mantle. J Geophys Res 108(B2):2099. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001690

    Google Scholar 

  • Faleiros FM, Moraes R, Pavan M, Campanha GAC (2016) A new empirical calibration of the quartz c-axis fabric opening-angle deformation thermometer. Tectonophysics 671:173–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Froitzheim N, Jahn-Awe S, Frei D, Wainwright AN, Maas R, Georgiev N, Nagel TJ, Pleuger J (2014) Age and composition of metaophiolite from the Rhodope Middle Allochthon (Satovcha, Bulgaria): a test for the maximum-allochthony hypothesis of the Hellenides. Tectonics 33:1477–1500

    Google Scholar 

  • Fytikas M, Innocenti F, Manetti P, Mazuoli R, Peccerillo A, Villari L (1984) Tertiary to Quaternary evolution of volcanism in the Aegean region. In Dixon JE, Robertson AHF (eds) The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 17:687–700

  • Gautier P, Brun JP (1994) Crustal-scale geometry and kinematics of late-orogenic extension in the central Aegean (Cyclades and Evvia Island). Tectonophysics 238:399–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerogiannis N, Xypolias P (2017) Retroward extrusion of high-pressure rocks: An example from the Hellenides (Pelion Blueschist Nappe, NW Aegean). Terra Nova 29:372–381

    Google Scholar 

  • Grasemann B, Schneider DA, Stockli DF, Iglseder C (2012) Miocene bivergent crustal extension in the Aegean: Evidence from the western Cyclades (Greece). Lithosphere 4:23–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Grasemann B, Huet B, Schneider DA, Rice AHN, Lemonnier N, Tschegg C (2018) Miocene postorogenic extension of the Eocene synorogenic imbricated Hellenic subduction channel: new constraints from Milos (Cyclades, Greece). Geol Soc Am Bull 130:238–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Hannula KA, Miller EL, Dumitru TA, Lee J, Rubin CM (1995) Structural and metamorphic relations in the southwest Seward Peninsula, Alaska: crustal extension and the unroofing of blueschists. Geol Soc Am Bull 107:536–553

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetzel R, Echtler HP, Seifert W, Schulte BA, Ivanov KS (1998a) Subduction- and exhumation-related fabrics in the Paleozoic high-pressure - low-temperature Maksyutov Complex, Antingan area, southern Urals, Russia. Geol Soc Am Bull 110:916–930

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetzel R, Romer R, Candan O, Passchier C (1998b) Geology of the Bozdag area, central Menderes massif, SW Turkey: Pan-African basement and Alpine deformation. Geol Rundsch 87:394–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Huet B, Labrousse L, Jolivet L (2009) Thrust or detachment? Exhumation processes in the Aegean: insight from a field study on Ios (Cyclades Greece). Tectonics 28:1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Huet B, Labrousse L, Monié P, Malvoisin B, Jolivet L (2015) Coupled phengite 40Ar-39Ar geochronology and thermobarometry: P-T-t evolution of Andros Island (Cyclades, Greece). Geol Mag 152:711–727

    Google Scholar 

  • Huyskens MH, Bröcker M (2014) The status of the Makrotantalon Unit (Andros, Greece) within the structural framework of the Attic-Cycladic Crystalline Belt. Geol Mag 151:430–446

    Google Scholar 

  • Iglseder C, Grasemann B, Rice AHN, Petrakakis K, Schneider DA (2011) Miocene S-directed low-angle normal fault evolution on Kea Island (West Cycladic Detachment System, Greece). Tectonics 30:TC4013. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010TC002802

    Google Scholar 

  • Inger S, Ramsbotham W (1997) Syn-convergent exhumation implied by progressive deformation and metamorphism in the Valle dell’Orco transect, NW Italian Alps. J Geol Soc Lond 154:667–677

    Google Scholar 

  • Innocenti F, Agostini S, Doglioni C, Manetti P, Tonarini S (2010) Geodynamic evolution of the Aegean: constraints from the Plio-Pleistocene volcanism of the Volos–Evia area. J Geol Soc Lond 167:475–489

    Google Scholar 

  • JacobshagenV DS, Kockel F, Kopp KO, Kowalczyk G (1978) Structure and geodynamic evolution of the Aegean Region. In: Closs H, Roeder D, Schmidt K (eds) Alps, Apennines, Hellenides. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, pp 537–564

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayko AS, Blake MC (1989) Deformation of the Eastern Franciscan Belt, northern California. J Struct Geol 11:375–390

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolivet L, Brun ΖJP (2010) Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Aegean. Int J Earth Sci 99:109–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolivet L, Faccenna C, Goffé B, Burov E, Agard P (2003) Subduction tectonics and exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Mediterranean orogens. Am J Sci 303:353–409

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolivet L, Lecomte E, Huet B, Denèle Y, Lacombe O, Labrousse L, Le Pourhiet L, Mehl C (2010) The North cycladic detachment system. Earth Planet Sci Lett 289:87–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Jolivet L, Menant A, Clerc C, Sternai P, Bellahsen N, Leroy S, Pik R, Stab M, Faccenna C, Gorini G (2018) Extensional crustal tectonics and crust-mantle coupling, a view from the geological record. Earth Sci Rev 185:1187–1209

    Google Scholar 

  • Kárason H, van der Hilst RD (2000) Constraints on mantle convection from mantle tomography. In: Richards MA et al (eds) The history and dynamics of global plate motions. Am Geophys Union, Geophysical Monograph 121:277–288

  • Katzir Y, Avigad D, Matthews A, Garfunkel Z, Evans BW (2000) Origin, HP/LT metamorphism and cooling of ophiolitic mélanges in southern Evia (NW Cyclades), Greece. J Metamorph Geol 18:699–718

    Google Scholar 

  • Keiter M, Piepjohn K, Ballhaus C, Lagos M, Bode M (2004) Structural development of high-pressure metamorphic rocks on Syros island (Cyclades, Greece). J Struct Geol 26:1433–1445

    Google Scholar 

  • Keiter M, Tomaschek F, Ballhaus C (2008) The structural evolution of Kythnos Island (Cyclades, Greece)—a reconnaissance. Z Dtsch Ges Geowiss 159:513–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Keiter M, Ballhaus C, Tomaschek F (2011) A new geological map of the island of Syros (Aegean Sea, Greece): Implications for lithostratigraphy and structural history of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 481:1–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Kokkalas S, Xypolias P, Koukouvelas I, Doutsos T (2006) Postcollisional contractional and extensional deformation in the Aegean region. In: Dilek Y, Pavlides S (eds) Postcollisional Tectonics and Magmatism in the Mediterranean Region and Asia. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 409:97–123

  • Kruhl JH (1998) Reply: prism- and basal-plane parallel subgrain boundaries in quartz: a microstructural geothermobarometer. J Metamorph Geol 16:142–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagos M, Scherer EE, Tomaschek F (2007) High precision Lu-Hf geochronology of Eocene eclogite-facies rocks from Syros, Cyclades, Greece. Chem Geol 243:16–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurent V, Jolivet L, Roche V, Augier R, Scaillet S, Cardello GL (2016) Strain localization in a fossilized subduction channel: insights from the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (Syros, Greece). Tectonophysics 672–673:150–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurent V, Huet B, Labrousse L, Jolivet L, Monié P, Augier R (2017) Extraneous argon in high-pressure metamorphic rocks: Distribution, origin and transport in the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (Greece). Lithos 272–273:315–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Law RD (2014) Deformation thermometry based on quartz c-axis fabrics and recrystallization microstructures: a review. J Struct Geol 66:129–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Law RD, Knipe RJ, Dayan H (1984) Strain path partitioning within thrust sheets: microstructural and petrofabric evidence from the Moine Thrust zone at Loch Eriboll, northwest Scotland. J Struct Geol 6:477–497

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Pichon X, Angelier J (1979) The Hellenic Arc and Trench system: a key to the Neotectonic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean area. Tectonophysics 60:1–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Leake BE, Woolley AR, Arps CES et al (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, commission on new minerals and mineral names. Can Mineral 35:219–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Lips ALW, White SH, Wijbrans JR (1998) 40Ar/39Ar laserprobe direct dating of discrete deformational events: a continuous record of early Alpine tectonics in the Pelagonian Zone, NW Aegean area, Greece. Tectonophysics 298:133–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Maluski H, Vergely P, Bavay D, Bavay P, Katsikatsos G (1981) 39Ar/40Ar dating of glaucophanes and phengites in southern Euboa (Greece): geodynamic implications. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 18:469–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Martha SO, Dörr W, Gerdes A, Petschick R, Schastok J, Xypolias P, Zulauf G (2016) New structural and U–Pb zircon data from Anafi crystalline basement (Cyclades, Greece): constraints on the evolution of a Late Cretaceous magmatic arc in the Internal Hellenides. Int J Earth Sci 105:2031–2060

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehl C, Jolivet L, Lacombe O, Labrousse L, Rimmele G (2007) Structural evolution of Andros (Cyclades, Greece): a key to the behaviour of a (flat) detachment within an extending continental crust. In: Taymaz T, Yilmaz Y, Dilek Y (eds) The geodynamics of the Aegean and Anatolia. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 291:41–73

  • Molli G, Tribuzio R, Marquer D (2006) Deformation and metamorphism at the eastern border of the Tenda Massif (NE Corsica): a record of subduction and exhumation of continental crust. J Struct Geol 28:1748–1766

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukhin P (1996) The metamorphosed olistostromes and turbidites of Andros Island, Greece, and their tectonic significance. Geol Mag 133:697–711

    Google Scholar 

  • Okrusch M, Bröcker M (1990) Eclogites associated with high-grade blueschists in the Cyclades archipelago, Greece: A review. Eur J Miner 2:451–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Papadopoulos GA (1997) On the interpretation of large-scale seismic tomography images in the Aegean sea area. Ann Geofis 40:37–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Papanikolaou D (1978) Geological Research in Andros Island. PhD thesis, University of Athens, pp 1–231

  • Papanikolaou D (2009) Timing of tectonic emplacement of the ophiolites and terrane paleogeography in the Hellenides. Lithos 108:262–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Papanikolaou D (2013) Tectonostratigraphic models of the Alpine terranes and subduction history of the Hellenides. Tectonophysics 595–596:1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Patzak M, Okrusch M, Kreuzer H (1994) The Akrotiri Unit on the island of Tinos, Cyclades, Greece: witness to a lost terrane of late Cretaceous age. Neues Jahrb Geol Palaontol Abh 194:211–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Peillod A, Ring U, Glodny J, Skelton A (2017) An Eocene/Oligocene blueschist-/greenschist-facies PT loop from Naxos Island, (Cyclades, Greece): deformation-related re-equilibration vs thermal relaxation. J Metamorph Geol 35:805–830

    Google Scholar 

  • Pe-Piper G, Piper DJW (2006) Unique features of the Cenozoic igneous rocks of Greece. In Dilek Y, Pavlides S (eds) Postcollisional tectonics and magmatism in the Mediterranean region and Asia. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 409:259–282

  • Pe-Piper G, Piper DJW, Koukouvelas I, Dolansky LM, Kokkalas K (2009) Postorogenic shoshonitic rocks and their origin by melting underplated basalts: the Miocene of Limnos, Greece. Geol Soc Am Bull 121:39–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Philippon M, Brun JP, Gueydan F (2011) Tectonics of the Syros blueschists (Cyclades, Greece): From subduction to Aegean extension. Tectonics 30:1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Philippot P (1990) Opposite vergence of nappes and crustal extension in the French-Italian western Alps. Tectonics 9:1143–1164

    Google Scholar 

  • Piper D (2006) Sedimentology and tectonic setting of the Pindos Flysch of the Peloponnese Greece. In: Robertson AHF, Mountrakis D (eds) Tectonic development of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 260:493–505

  • Piromallo C, Morelli A (2003) P wave tomography of the mantle under the Alpine-Mediterranean area. J Geophys Res 108:2065. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JB001757

    Google Scholar 

  • Platt JP (1975) Metamorphic and deformational processes in the Franciscan Complex, California: some insights from the Catalina Schist terrane. Geol Soc Am Bull 86:337–1347

    Google Scholar 

  • Pleuger J, Roller S, Walter JM, Jansen E, Froitzheim N (2007) Structural evolution of the contact between two Penninic nappes (Zermatt-Saas zone and Combin zone, Western Alps) and implications for the exhumation mechanism and palaeogeography. Int J Earth Sci 96:229–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinecke T (1982) Cymrite and celsian in manganese-rich metamorphic rocks from Andros Island/Greece. Contrib Miner Petrol 79:333–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinecke T (1986) Phase relationships of sursassite and other Mn-silicates in highly oxidized low-grade, high-pressure metamorphic rocks from Evvia and Andros islands, Greece. Contrib Mineral Petrol 94:110–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridley J (1986) Parallel stretching lineations and fold axes oblique to a shear displacement direction—a model and observations. J Struct Geol 8:647–653

    Google Scholar 

  • Riguzzi F, Panza G, Varga P, Doglioni C (2010) Can earth’s rotation and tidal despinning drive plate tectonics? Tectonophysics 484:60–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Ring U, Layer PW (2003) High-pressure metamorphism in the Aegean, eastern Mediterranean: Underplating and exhumation from the Late Cretaceous until the Miocene to recent above the retreating Hellenic subduction zone. Tectonics 22(3):1022. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001TC001350

    Google Scholar 

  • Ring U, Reischmann T (2002) The weak and superfast Cretan detachment, Greece: exhumation at subduction rates in extrusion wedges. J Geol Soc 159:225–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Ring U, Brandon MT, Willett SD, Lister GS (1999) Exhumation processes. In: Ring U, Brandon MT, Lister GS, Willett SD (eds) Exhumation processes: normal faulting, ductile flow and erosion. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 154:1–27

  • Ring U, Glodny J, Will T, Thomson SN (2007) An Oligocene extrusion wedge of blueschist-facies nappes on Evia, Aegean Sea, Greece: implications for the early exhumation of high-pressure rocks. J Geol Soc Lond 164:637–652

    Google Scholar 

  • Ring U, Glodny J, Will J, Thomson SN (2010) The Hellenic subduction system: high-pressure metamorphism, exhumation, normal faulting, and large-scale extension. Ann Rev Earth Planet Sci 38:45–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson AHF, Dixon JE (1984) Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the eastern Mediterranean. In: Robertson AHF, Dixon JE (eds) The geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 17:1–74

  • Roche V, Laurent V, Cardello GL, Jolivet L, Scaillet S (2016) Anatomy of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit on Sifnos Island (Cyclades, Greece). J Geodyn 97:62–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbaum G, Avigad D, Sánchez-Gómez M (2002) Coaxial flattening at deep levels of orogenic belts: Evidence from blueschists and eclogites on Syros and Sifnos (Cyclades, Greece). J Struct Geol 24:1451–1462

    Google Scholar 

  • Schermer ER, Lux DR, Burchfiel BC (1990) Temperature-time history of subducted continental crust, Mount Olympus region, Greece. Tectonics 9:1165–1195

    Google Scholar 

  • Schliestedt M, Bartsch V, Carl M, Matthews A, Henjes-Kunst F (1994) The P-T path of greenschist-facies rocks from the Island of Kithnos (Cyclades, Greece). Chem Erde 54:281–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid SM, Casey M (1986) Complete fabric analysis of some commonly observed quartz c-axis patterns. In: Hobbs BE, Heard HC (eds) Mineral and Rock Deformation Laboratory Studies: the Paterson Volume. Am Geophys Union, Geophysical Monograph 36:263–286

  • Schmidt WL, Platt JP (2018) Subduction, accretion, and exhumation of coherent Franciscan blueschist-facies rocks, northern coast ranges, California. Lithosphere 10:301–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher JC, Brady JB, Cheney JT, Tonnsen RR (2008) Glaucophane-bearing marbles on Syros, Greece. J Petrol 49:1667–1686

    Google Scholar 

  • Searle MP, Warren CJ, Waters DJ, Parrish RR (2004) Structural evolution, metamorphism and restoration of the Arabian continental margin, Saih Hatat region, Oman Mountains. J Struct Geol 26:451–473

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaked Y, Avigad D, Garfunkel Z (2000) Alpine high-pressure metamorphism at the Almyropotamos window (southern Evia, Greece). Geol Mag 137:367–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Shin TA (2014) Tectonic evolution of Aegean metamorphic core complexes, Andros and Tinos Islands, Greece. Master Thesis, University of Texas, pp 1–362

  • Spanos D, Xypolias P, Koukouvelas I (2015) Vorticity analysis in calcite tectonites: an example from the Attico-Cycladic massif (Attica, Greece). J Struct Geol 80:120–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Stipp M, Stunitz H, Heilbronner R, Schmid S (2002) Dynamic recrystallization of quartz: correlation between natural and experimental conditions. In: DeMeer S, Drury MR, De Bresser JHP, Pennock GM (eds) Deformation mechanisms, rheology and tectonics: current status and future perspectives. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 200:171–190

  • Sullivan WA, Beane RJ (2010) Asymmetrical quartz crystallographic fabrics formed during constrictional deformation. J Struct Geol 32:1430–1443

    Google Scholar 

  • Tagami M, Takeshita T (1998) c-Axis fabrics and microstructures in quartz schist from the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, central Shikoku, Japan. J Struct Geol 20:1549–1568

    Google Scholar 

  • Trotet F, Jolivet L, Vidal O (2001) Tectono-metamorphic evolution of Syros and Sifnos islands (Cyclades, Greece). Tectonophysics 338:179–206

    Google Scholar 

  • van Hinsbergen DJJ, Hafkenscheid E, Spakman W, Meulenkamp JE, Wortel MJR (2005) Nappe stacking resulting from subduction of oceanic and continental lithosphere below Greece. Geology 33:325–328

    Google Scholar 

  • von Huene R, Ranero CR, Vannucchi P (2004) Generic model of subduction erosion. Geology 32:913–916

    Google Scholar 

  • Wegmann M (2006) Rb/Sr isotopic evolution in metamorphic microstructures in relation to T, p and mineral composition in high-pressure metamorphites of South-Evia, Greece. PhD Thesis, Freie University Berlin

  • Whitney DL, Teyssier C, Kruckenberg SC, Morgan VL, Iredale LJ (2008) High-pressure-low-temperature metamorphism of metasedimentary rocks, southern Menderes Massif, western Turkey. Lithos 101:218–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiederkehr M, Bousquet R, Schmid SM, Berger A (2008) From subduction to collision: thermal overprint of HP/LT metasediments in the north-eastern Lepontine Dome (Swiss Alps) and consequences regarding the tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Alpine orogenic wedge. In: Froitzheim N, Schmid SM (eds) Orogenic processes in the Alpine collision zone. Swiss J Geosci 101/Suppl 1:S127–S155

  • Xypolias P, Alsop GI (2014) Regional flow perturbation folding within an exhumation channel: a case study from the Cycladic Blueschists. J Struct Geol 62:141–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Xypolias P, Doutsos T (2000) Kinematics of rock flow in a crustal-scale shear zone: implication for the orogenic evolution of the southwestern Hellenides. Geol Mag 137:81–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Xypolias P, Koukouvelas IK (2001) Kinematic vorticity and strain rate patterns associated with ductile extrusion in the Chelmos shear zone (External Hellenides, Greece). Tectonophysics 338:59–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Xypolias P, Kokkalas S, Skourlis K (2003) Upward extrusion and subsequent transpression as a possible mechanism for the exhumation of HP/LT rocks in Evia Island (Aegean Sea, Greece). J Geodyn 35:303–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Xypolias P, Spanos D, Chatzaras V, Kokkalas S, Koukouvelas I (2010) Vorticity of flow in ductile thrust zones: examples from the Attico-Cycladic Massif (Internal Hellenides, Greece). In: Law RD et al (eds) Continental tectonics and mountain building: the legacy of Peach and Horne. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 335:687–714

  • Xypolias P, Iliopoulos I, Chatzaras V, Kokkalas S (2012) Subduction- and exhumation-related structures in the Cycladic Blueschists: insights from south Evia Island (Aegean region, Greece). Tectonics 31: TC2001. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011TC002946

  • Xypolias P, Chatzaras V, Beane R, Papadopoulou S (2013) Heterogeneous constrictional deformation in a ductile shear zone resulting from the transposition of a lineation-parallel fold. J Struct Geol 52:44–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Xypolias P, Gerogiannis N, Chatzaras V, Papapavlou K, Kruckenberg SC, Aravadinou E, Michels Z (2018) Using incremental elongation and shearing to unravel the kinematics of a complex transpressional zone. J Struct Geol 115:64–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziv A, Katzir Y, Avigad D, Garfunkel Z (2010) Strain development and kinematic significance of the Alpine folding on Andros (western Cyclades, Greece). Tectonophysics 488:248–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Zlatkin O, Avigad D, Gerdes A (2018). New Detrital Zircon Geochronology From the Cycladic Basement (Greece): implications for the Paleozoic Accretion of Peri-Gondwanan Terranes to Laurussia. Tectonics. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018TC005046

    Google Scholar 

  • Zulauf G (2001) Structural style, deformation mechanisms and paleodifferential stress along an exposed crustal section: Constraints on the rheology of quartzofeldspathic rocks at supra- and infrastructural levels (Bohemian Massif). Tectonophysics 332:211–237

    Google Scholar 

  • Zulauf G, Kowalczyk G, Krahl J, Petschick R, Schwanz S (2002) The tectonometamorphic evolution of high-pressure low-temperature metamorphic rocks of eastern Crete, Greece: Constraints from microfabrics, strain, illite crystallinity and paleodifferential stress. J Struct Geol 24:1805–1828

    Google Scholar 

  • Zulauf G, Dörr W, Fisher-Spurlock SC, Gerdes A, Chatzaras V, Xypolias P (2015) Closure of the Paleotethys in the External Hellenides: constraints from U-Pb ages of magmatic and detrital zircons (Crete). Gondwana Res 28:642–667

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Michael Bröcker, Giancarlo Molli and Uwe Ring for their constructive review comments as well as to Wolf-Christian Dullo for editorial handling. Thanks are also due to I. Koukouvelas and S. Kokkalas for insightful discussions in the field. We acknowledge the contribution of the ex-students C. Karavoulia, G. Gkekas, P. Kapizionis, D. Sereti, D. Vlassi, A. Kapoutsi and K. Theofani from the University of Patras who mapped parts of the study area in the course of their Bachelor thesis. The staff of the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy & Microanalysis (Univ. Patras) is also acknowledged for their support. Fieldwork for this study was supported by Grant C.924 (awarded to P. Xypolias) from the Research Committee of the University of Patras (Programme K. Karatheodori).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500, Patras, Greece

    N. Gerogiannis, P. Xypolias & E. Aravadinou

  2. School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    V. Chatzaras

  3. GEOTOP, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, H2X 3Y7, Canada

    K. Papapavlou

Authors
  1. N. Gerogiannis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Xypolias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. Chatzaras
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. E. Aravadinou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. K. Papapavlou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Xypolias.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gerogiannis, N., Xypolias, P., Chatzaras, V. et al. Deformation within the Cycladic subduction–exhumation channel: new insights from the enigmatic Makrotantalo nappe (Andros, Aegean). Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 108, 817–843 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-019-01680-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-019-01680-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation