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Early Paleozoic subduction initiation volcanism of the Iwatsubodani Formation, Hida Gaien belt, Southwest Japan

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Abstract

In placing Japanese tectonics in an Asian context, variation in the Paleozoic geological environment is a significant issue. This paper investigates the geochemistry of the lower Paleozoic basalt formation (Iwatsubodani Formation) in the Hida Gaien belt, Japan, to consider its tectonic setting. This formation includes the following two types of rock in ascending order: basalt A with sub-ophitic texture and basalt B with porphyritic texture. Basalt A has a high and uniform FeO*/MgO ratio, moderate TiO2, high V, and low Ti/V. The HFSE and REE are nearly the same as those in MORB, and all the data points to basalt A being the “MORB-like fore-arc tholeiitic basalt (FAB)” reported, for example, from the Izu–Bonin–Mariana arc. By contrast, basalt B has a low FeO*/MgO ratio, low TiO2, and low V and Ti/V. It has an LREE-enriched trend and a distinct negative Nb anomaly in the MORB-normalized multi-element pattern and a moderately high LREE/HREE. All these factors suggest that basalt B is calc-alkaline basalt. It is known that FAB is erupted at the earliest stage of arc formation—namely, subduction initiation—and that boninitic/tholeiitic/calc-alkaline volcanism follows at the supra-subduction zone (SSZ). Thus, the occurrence of basalts A (FAB) and B (calc-alkaline rock) is strong evidence of early Paleozoic arc-formation initiation at an SSZ. Evidence for an early Paleozoic SSZ arc is also recognized from the Oeyama, Hayachine-Miyamori, and Sergeevka ophiolites. Hence, both these ophiolites and the Iwatsubodani Formation probably coexisted in a primitive SSZ system in the early Paleozoic.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our thanks to the late Emeritus Prof. E. Horikoshi and to Emeritus Prof. O. Ujike of the University of Toyama for their critical advice. We would also like to thank Prof. S. Otoh of the University of Toyama and Prof. M. Adachi, Prof. M. Takeuchi, and Prof. H. Yoshida at Nagoya University for helpful discussion. We appreciate critical review comments from Dr. A. Ishiwatari of the Nuclear Regulation Authority of Japan and an anonymous reviewer, which greatly improved an earlier draft of this manuscript. Special thanks go to Mr. S. Yogo, Ms. M. Nozaki, Dr. Y. Asahara, Dr. H. Hasegawa, and Dr. K. Naemura at Nagoya University for their technical support. We are grateful to Dr. Giles Clarke for his helpful criticism of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Nagoya University Museum, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    Kazuhiro Tsukada

  2. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    Koshi Yamamoto & Onon Gantumur

  3. School of Geology and Mining, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

    Manchuk Nuramkhaan

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  1. Kazuhiro Tsukada
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  2. Koshi Yamamoto
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  3. Onon Gantumur
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  4. Manchuk Nuramkhaan
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Correspondence to Kazuhiro Tsukada.

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Tsukada, K., Yamamoto, K., Gantumur, O. et al. Early Paleozoic subduction initiation volcanism of the Iwatsubodani Formation, Hida Gaien belt, Southwest Japan. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 106, 1429–1451 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-016-1437-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-016-1437-6

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