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Geochemistry of mylonitic gneisses from the Cycladic Basement Unit (Paros and Serifos, Aegean Sea): implications for protoliths of the high-grade gneisses

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Abstract

The nature of the protolith(s) of high-grade gneisses from the Aegean Cycladic Basement Unit of the islands of Paros and Serifos is investigated using whole-rock geochemistry and Sr–Nd–O isotopes, in order to better understand their origin and to compare with possible equivalents from the southern Aegean region. On Paros, the basement unit consists of heterogeneous, mylonitized upper amphibolite-grade paragneisses and associated migmatitic rocks, whereas on Serifos, it consists of a mylonitized felsic gneiss, intercalated with layers and lenses of S-type leucogranites and minor mafic metavolcanics. New Nd, Sr and O isotope data suggest a predominantly crustal-derived source in the gneiss protolith from both islands: high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (≥7052 to 0.711, calculated at 300 Ma), negative initial εNd (−2.8 to −7.7) values for bulk-rock gneiss samples, and high δ18O values of quartz separates (+10 to +12.7 ‰). Major and trace-element variations corroborate that chemical differentiation within the NW Paros gneiss subunit results from progressive migmatitization. Peraluminous gneisses from eastern Paros share clear similarities with metapelitic gneisses from the Naxos gneiss dome, in terms of their trace-element patterns, εNd (300) and O isotope characteristics. The mineral assemblage, the fine grain size (due to intense mylonitization), and the metaluminous affinity of the South Serifos grey quartzofeldpathic gneiss do not allow for an unambiguous interpretation for these undated rocks; however, a combination of geochemical parameters and tectonic discrimination diagrams indicates an immature siliciclastic (greywacke) protolith from a continental island arc setting. Sr–Nd isotopic systematics indicates an increasing lower crustal component in gneisses from NW Paros, which is closer to the migmatitic core of the Paros dome. The overall isotopic trend of the gneissic Cycladic Basement Unit on Paros is spatially correlated with that of the Naxos gneiss dome.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank professor John Tarney (University of Leicester) for his assistance, guidance, and support of this study. Field and analytical work were supported by the State Scholarship Foundation of Greece, ΙΔΡΥΜΑ ΚΡΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΥΠΟΤΡΟΦΙΩΝ (IKY), and the isotope analyses by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; UK). The valuable assistance of Nick Marsh at the University of Leicester (XRF analysis) is greatly appreciated. The authors thank professors Hilary Downes and Michael Bröcker for their constructive comments that helped improve this manuscript. We also appreciate the very helpful suggestions and comments by the Editor-in-Chief professor Wolf-Christian Dullo and the topic-Editor professor Ingo Braun for editorial handling. Furthermore, we thank Dr. Kostantinos Soukis for useful comments and Dr. Danae Antivachis for helping with figures.

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  1. Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    Annette McGrath & Brian Windley

  2. Division of Geochemistry and Economic Geology, Department of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784, Zografou, Athens, Greece

    Christina Stouraiti

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Correspondence to Christina Stouraiti.

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Supplementary Table. Compilation of zircon ages from rocks of the Cycladic Basement Unit and metasedimentary rocks in the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU), locating in the broader Aegean region. (DOCX 35 kb)

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McGrath, A., Stouraiti, C. & Windley, B. Geochemistry of mylonitic gneisses from the Cycladic Basement Unit (Paros and Serifos, Aegean Sea): implications for protoliths of the high-grade gneisses. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 106, 2067–2089 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-016-1414-0

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