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The Tertiary dike magmatism in the Southern Alps: geochronological data and geodynamic significance

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Abstract

The relationships between tectonics and magmatic activity in the Alps are still debated. Despite an active subduction since the Late Cretaceous, no arc-related magmatism is recorded prior of the Middle Eocene. The emplacement of plutons along the Insubric Fault in a short time span (~34–28 Ma) has been generally interpreted in terms of the slab break-off model. The Tertiary magmatism, however, is also characterized by the occurrence of widespread calcalkaline dikes not necessarily intruded along the Insubric Fault. The geochemical features of dikes vary along the Alps belt and are interpreted in terms of mantle source heterogeneity and degree of crustal contamination. U–Pb zircon dating of studied dikes indicates intrusion ages in the 42- to 34-Ma time interval. These data provide evidence for a pre-Oligocene magmatic activity that was not solely limited to the Adamello batholith. Moreover, it appears that dikes rejuvenate from SE to NW, in an opposite direction with respect to the Alpine subduction polarity. Thus, a more complex geodynamic scenario than the slab break-off model must be envisaged. The absence of arc magmatism prior to the Middle Eocene can be explained by the low-angle subduction of the Tethyan slab that confined the mantle partial melting zone away from the orogenic wedge. The onset of the Apennines subduction at 55–50 Ma caused the Alpine slab to retreat. The partial melting zone progressively migrated beneath the orogenic wedge and finally reached the axial belt in the Late Eocene, when the Alpine collision was completed. Only at this stage, slab break-off occurred and promoted the intrusion of the Periadriatic plutons.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Beijing SHRIMP Center (Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China) for the opportunity of dating our zircon samples by means of SHRIMP II Remote Operation System laboratory at the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences of Milano-Bicocca University. A special thanks to M. L. Frezzotti for her precious and useful comments on the manuscript. We further thank two anonymous reviewers and the Editor for helpful and constructive reviews. This paper benefits of the financial support by the FAR-UNIMIB of A. Tunesi and A. Zanchi.

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  1. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126, Milan, Italy

    Maria Aldina Bergomi, Stefano Zanchetta & Annalisa Tunesi

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  1. Maria Aldina Bergomi
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Correspondence to Stefano Zanchetta.

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Bergomi, M.A., Zanchetta, S. & Tunesi, A. The Tertiary dike magmatism in the Southern Alps: geochronological data and geodynamic significance. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 104, 449–473 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-014-1087-5

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