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Geochemistry and geochronology of meta-igneous rocks from the Tokat Massif, north-central Turkey: implications for Tethyan reconstructions

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Abstract

Located in the eastern Pontides of the Sakarya Zone in north-central Turkey, the Tokat Massif records the closure of both the Paleo-Tethyan (Karakaya Complex) and Neo-Tethyan ocean basins. Meta-igneous samples collected from the region were studied to determine their sources and ages. We find significant geochemical differences between metagabbros of the Karakaya and Neo-Tethyan units in terms of their trace elements: Neo-Tethyan rocks are consistent with generation in an island arc setting, whereas Karakaya assemblages were likely generated in an oceanic spreading-center environment. Karakaya metagabbros also contain glaucophane, consistent with subduction subsequent to formation. Small (2–50 μm) zircon and baddeleyite grains from four Karakaya metagabbros were dated in thin section using an ion microprobe. The results demonstrate the reliability of the method to directly constrain the tectonomagmatic history of these types of assemblages. The rocks yield Late Permian/Early Triassic 238U/206Pb crystallization ages of 258 ± 14 Ma (±1σ, zircon) and 254 ± 8 Ma (±1σ, baddeleyite) and an Early Cretaceous minimum metamorphic age of 137 ± 8 Ma (±1σ, zircon). Some zircon grains and baddeleyite grains with zircon overgrowths yield Early to Middle Jurassic ages. Here we present a model in which metamorphism and deformation in this region occurred during northward subduction and closure of a Paleo-Tethyan ocean basin and accretion of the Karakaya units to the Laurasian continental margin. This was followed by the onset of closure of the Neo-Tethys during the Campanian-Paleocene and accretion of island arc units to the Tokat region.

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Acknowledgments

This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0937254. Additional funding was provided by the Jackson School of Geosciences. Samples were obtained with the help of Drs. Sebnem Düzgün and Aykut Akgün and students G. Okan Yildiz, Aydın Cicek, Jessica Magers, Mustafa K. Emil, Gulcan Sarp, Rasit Torun, Burcu Ozdemir, Lauren Jacob, Brandon Okafor, and Sohrab Ghiebe. Comments from Pamela Speciale, and Drs. Erdin Bozkurt, Mark Cloos, Daniel Stockli, and Gültekin Topuz greatly improved the original manuscript. We appreciate the editorial handling by Dr. Wolf-Christian Dullo and Ingo Braun. The authors thank the UCLA National Ion Microprobe Facility (particularly Drs. Rita Economos and Axel Schmitt), which is partially supported by funding from the National Science Foundation’s Instrumentation and Facilities Program.

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  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1100, Austin, TX, 78712-0254, USA

    Elizabeth J. Catlos & Timothy A. Shin

  2. Statoil, 6300 Bridge Point Pkwy Building 2, Suite 500, Austin, TX, 78730, USA

    Kathryn Huber

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  1. Elizabeth J. Catlos
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Correspondence to Elizabeth J. Catlos.

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Catlos, E.J., Huber, K. & Shin, T.A. Geochemistry and geochronology of meta-igneous rocks from the Tokat Massif, north-central Turkey: implications for Tethyan reconstructions. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 102, 2175–2198 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-013-0918-0

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